CNUR 203 LATEST 2026 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Asthma nursing - ✔✔Assess: Hx, S/S, resp, cardiac, ABCs
Do
- vitals
- pos
- ABGs
- pursed lip breathing
- relax
✔✔Asthma Teaching - ✔✔(1) Stay indoors during cold weather = triggers asthma
(2) Still able to play sports
(3) Rescue medication is used when experiencing an exacerbation (NOT DAILY)
(4) Receive a flu shot to decrease risk of flu-related respiratory complications
limit triggers
✔✔COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) - ✔✔group diseases limit airflow
chronic inflammation: airways, bronchioles, alveolies, & pulmonary vessels
ventilation-perfusion imbalance
air trapping (no CO2 out) dt no recoil
Airway:
- inflammation/edema --> constriction, hypersecretions --> decreased airflow and
bronchospasms
- scarred bronchioles
- ^ macrophages and infection = ^ inflammation
Alveoli
- enlargement and destruction
✔✔COPD clinical manifestations - ✔✔cough, sputum, SOB, dyspnea, ^ expiration, ^RR
activity intolerance
resp acidosis (^CO2)
clubbing
hypoxemia
hypercapnia
✔✔COPD risk factors - ✔✔tobacco smoke, environment, >40, genes, resp disease
✔✔COPD Dx by - ✔✔Hx and risk factors
S/S
ABG and SPO2
pulmonary function test ratio <70
,spirometry
✔✔COPD priority nursing - ✔✔ABCs:
airways and breathing
impaired gas exchange
infection risk
activity
low nutrition
✔✔COPD nursing and goal - ✔✔Goal: limit severity/progression and ADL effects
Assess
- pack years
- spirometry
- 6-min-walk test
- severity scale 1-5
- vitals, 60 sec
Implement
- promotion and ed
- exercise
- airway clearance and hygiene
- manage weight
✔✔COPD teaching - ✔✔Effective coughing (pos ^, diaphragm, ^ fluids)
Max resp exclusion (meds)
Hygiene (pursed lip, breathing exercise)
Adequate O2
Cessation of smoking
✔✔COPD lab values - ✔✔pH < (acidosis)
PaCO2 80-100 mm Hg
SpO2 <95%
CO2 ^
sputum = neutrophils
✔✔COPD meds - ✔✔bronchodilators
- SABA *** or SAMA (short acting muscarinic antagonists)
- LABA
- LABA/corticosteriods
- anticholinergics
O2
✔✔COPD tx - ✔✔Surgery
- limit lung V
,- lung transplant
rehab walking
lifestyle changes
✔✔COPD complications - ✔✔-Pulmonary hypertension
-Cor pulmonale
-Pneumothorax (in emphysema)
- anxiety and depression
- anorexia (SOB w eat)
- AE COPD
- acute resp failure/distress
- CO2 narcosis
✔✔COPD assessment findings - ✔✔- long exhale
- < AP diameter
- tripod pos
- cyanosis
- tactile fremitus: low vibration
- percussion: dull, hyperresonance
- aus: crackle, wheeze, diminished
- "ee" = "aa"
✔✔sleep apnea - ✔✔a sleep disorder
temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings
relaxation of airways, tongue, or soft palate = obstruction
✔✔sleep apnea clinical manifestations - ✔✔-snoring, unrestful sleep (which may lead to
chronic daytime sleepiness)
-nocturnal choking
- personality changes
- hypoxia
- hypercapnia
✔✔sleep apnea dx by - ✔✔# of episodes or hyponea > 10 sec
✔✔sleep apnea risk factors - ✔✔STOP-BANG
snore
tired
obstruction
pressure
BMI
age
neck circumference
gender (male)
, ✔✔sleep apnea tx - ✔✔lifestyle changes:
- weight loss
- ^HOB and sleep on side
- limit alc and sedations
- sleeping habits
oral appliance
continuous airway pressure by mask
surgery
- tonsils out
- uvulo-palato-pharyngoplasty
✔✔Sleep Apnea Complications - ✔✔HTN
R HF
dysrhythmias
^ Stroke risk
sleep deprivation and issues
✔✔Hypertension (HTN) - ✔✔Primary: ^BP
^ in CO or SVR (systemic vascular resistance)
- genes
- Na and H2O, altered renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mech
- stress, ^SNS
- ^insulin
- endothelial cell dysfunction
- obesity
✔✔HTN Clinical Manifestations - ✔✔asymptomatic until severe
later
- fatigue, activity intolerance, dizziness, palpitations, dyspnea
✔✔HTN risk factors - ✔✔sedentary life
^NA
^BMI
alc/smoking
stress
DM
meds
dyslipidemia
>55
gene, fam Hx
male
✔✔HTN values - ✔✔SBP > 140
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Asthma nursing - ✔✔Assess: Hx, S/S, resp, cardiac, ABCs
Do
- vitals
- pos
- ABGs
- pursed lip breathing
- relax
✔✔Asthma Teaching - ✔✔(1) Stay indoors during cold weather = triggers asthma
(2) Still able to play sports
(3) Rescue medication is used when experiencing an exacerbation (NOT DAILY)
(4) Receive a flu shot to decrease risk of flu-related respiratory complications
limit triggers
✔✔COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) - ✔✔group diseases limit airflow
chronic inflammation: airways, bronchioles, alveolies, & pulmonary vessels
ventilation-perfusion imbalance
air trapping (no CO2 out) dt no recoil
Airway:
- inflammation/edema --> constriction, hypersecretions --> decreased airflow and
bronchospasms
- scarred bronchioles
- ^ macrophages and infection = ^ inflammation
Alveoli
- enlargement and destruction
✔✔COPD clinical manifestations - ✔✔cough, sputum, SOB, dyspnea, ^ expiration, ^RR
activity intolerance
resp acidosis (^CO2)
clubbing
hypoxemia
hypercapnia
✔✔COPD risk factors - ✔✔tobacco smoke, environment, >40, genes, resp disease
✔✔COPD Dx by - ✔✔Hx and risk factors
S/S
ABG and SPO2
pulmonary function test ratio <70
,spirometry
✔✔COPD priority nursing - ✔✔ABCs:
airways and breathing
impaired gas exchange
infection risk
activity
low nutrition
✔✔COPD nursing and goal - ✔✔Goal: limit severity/progression and ADL effects
Assess
- pack years
- spirometry
- 6-min-walk test
- severity scale 1-5
- vitals, 60 sec
Implement
- promotion and ed
- exercise
- airway clearance and hygiene
- manage weight
✔✔COPD teaching - ✔✔Effective coughing (pos ^, diaphragm, ^ fluids)
Max resp exclusion (meds)
Hygiene (pursed lip, breathing exercise)
Adequate O2
Cessation of smoking
✔✔COPD lab values - ✔✔pH < (acidosis)
PaCO2 80-100 mm Hg
SpO2 <95%
CO2 ^
sputum = neutrophils
✔✔COPD meds - ✔✔bronchodilators
- SABA *** or SAMA (short acting muscarinic antagonists)
- LABA
- LABA/corticosteriods
- anticholinergics
O2
✔✔COPD tx - ✔✔Surgery
- limit lung V
,- lung transplant
rehab walking
lifestyle changes
✔✔COPD complications - ✔✔-Pulmonary hypertension
-Cor pulmonale
-Pneumothorax (in emphysema)
- anxiety and depression
- anorexia (SOB w eat)
- AE COPD
- acute resp failure/distress
- CO2 narcosis
✔✔COPD assessment findings - ✔✔- long exhale
- < AP diameter
- tripod pos
- cyanosis
- tactile fremitus: low vibration
- percussion: dull, hyperresonance
- aus: crackle, wheeze, diminished
- "ee" = "aa"
✔✔sleep apnea - ✔✔a sleep disorder
temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings
relaxation of airways, tongue, or soft palate = obstruction
✔✔sleep apnea clinical manifestations - ✔✔-snoring, unrestful sleep (which may lead to
chronic daytime sleepiness)
-nocturnal choking
- personality changes
- hypoxia
- hypercapnia
✔✔sleep apnea dx by - ✔✔# of episodes or hyponea > 10 sec
✔✔sleep apnea risk factors - ✔✔STOP-BANG
snore
tired
obstruction
pressure
BMI
age
neck circumference
gender (male)
, ✔✔sleep apnea tx - ✔✔lifestyle changes:
- weight loss
- ^HOB and sleep on side
- limit alc and sedations
- sleeping habits
oral appliance
continuous airway pressure by mask
surgery
- tonsils out
- uvulo-palato-pharyngoplasty
✔✔Sleep Apnea Complications - ✔✔HTN
R HF
dysrhythmias
^ Stroke risk
sleep deprivation and issues
✔✔Hypertension (HTN) - ✔✔Primary: ^BP
^ in CO or SVR (systemic vascular resistance)
- genes
- Na and H2O, altered renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mech
- stress, ^SNS
- ^insulin
- endothelial cell dysfunction
- obesity
✔✔HTN Clinical Manifestations - ✔✔asymptomatic until severe
later
- fatigue, activity intolerance, dizziness, palpitations, dyspnea
✔✔HTN risk factors - ✔✔sedentary life
^NA
^BMI
alc/smoking
stress
DM
meds
dyslipidemia
>55
gene, fam Hx
male
✔✔HTN values - ✔✔SBP > 140
