COMPREHENSIVE CCMA STUDY GUIDE ON HEALTH AND
PHARMACOLOGY.
Everything you need to pass—nothing you don’t!
What is the focus of basic pharmacology? - Answer: The study of medications, how they
act on the body, their classifications, and various properties.
What are the key components of pharmacokinetics? - Answer: Absorption, Distribution,
Metabolism, Excretion, and Half-life.
What are the rights of medication administration? - Answer: The rights ensure that the
correct patient receives the correct medication at the correct dose via the correct route at
the correct time.
What is the BMI formula and its normal ranges? - Answer: BMI = weight (kg) / height (m^2);
normal BMI ranges from 18.5 to 24.9.
What is the difference between essential, nonessential, and conditional amino acids? -
Answer: Essential amino acids must be obtained from the diet, nonessential amino acids
can be synthesized by the body, and conditional amino acids are usually not essential but
may become so in times of stress.
What are the characteristics of carbohydrates? - Answer: Compounds of carbon, oxygen,
and hydrogen that serve as the main source of energy; complex carbs include starch,
seeds, roots, and stems.
What are the types of fats and their effects on health? - Answer: Unsaturated fats
(monounsaturated and polyunsaturated) are healthier and less likely to raise cholesterol
levels, while saturated fats raise LDL levels and trans fats are harmful.
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,What is the role of fiber in the diet? - Answer: Fiber slows food passage, adds bulk to stool,
absorbs waste for elimination, lowers cholesterol levels, and slows glucose absorption.
What are fat-soluble vitamins? - Answer: Vitamins A, D, E, and K, which are stored in the
body's fatty tissues.
What are water-soluble vitamins? - Answer: Vitamins B1, B2, B3, B4, folate, B12,
Pantothenic acid, niacin, and C, which are not stored in the body and need to be consumed
regularly.
What are major minerals and their significance? - Answer: Major minerals (calcium,
sodium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium) should be consumed in amounts of 100mg
or more to promote health and avoid deficiencies.
What are trace minerals and their daily requirements? - Answer: Trace minerals (iron,
iodine, zinc, copper, fluoride, selenium, chromium, manganese, molybdenum) are needed
in amounts of 20mg or less each day.
What is the recommended daily intake of water? - Answer: It is recommended that people
drink adequate amounts of water daily, as the body loses water throughout the day.
What can result from dehydration? - Answer: Dehydration can lead to serious health issues
if not corrected.
What are complementary proteins? - Answer: Proteins that, when combined, provide all
essential amino acids for optimal functioning.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
, What is the significance of cholesterol in nutrition? - Answer: Cholesterol is a type of fat
that can affect heart health; it is important to manage intake of saturated and trans fats.
What is basal metabolism? - Answer: The rate at which the body uses energy while at rest
to maintain vital functions.
What is the definition of obesity? - Answer: Obesity is a condition characterized by
excessive body fat that may impair health.
What are the effects of caffeine on hydration? - Answer: Caffeine can act as a diuretic,
potentially leading to increased water loss.
What is thermoregulation? - Answer: The process by which the body maintains its internal
temperature.
What are the consequences of too little protein in the diet? - Answer: Too little protein can
cause muscle wasting, weakened immune response, and other health issues.
What is an enzyme? - Answer: A chemical substance in animals and plants that causes or
facilitates natural processes such as digestion.
What does 'metabolic' refer to? - Answer: It refers to metabolism, the process of nutrients
being absorbed and turned into energy.
What are the benefits of consuming fruits? - Answer: They reduce the risk of heart disease,
protect against some cancers, lower blood pressure, help with weight management, and
lower calorie intake.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
3
PHARMACOLOGY.
Everything you need to pass—nothing you don’t!
What is the focus of basic pharmacology? - Answer: The study of medications, how they
act on the body, their classifications, and various properties.
What are the key components of pharmacokinetics? - Answer: Absorption, Distribution,
Metabolism, Excretion, and Half-life.
What are the rights of medication administration? - Answer: The rights ensure that the
correct patient receives the correct medication at the correct dose via the correct route at
the correct time.
What is the BMI formula and its normal ranges? - Answer: BMI = weight (kg) / height (m^2);
normal BMI ranges from 18.5 to 24.9.
What is the difference between essential, nonessential, and conditional amino acids? -
Answer: Essential amino acids must be obtained from the diet, nonessential amino acids
can be synthesized by the body, and conditional amino acids are usually not essential but
may become so in times of stress.
What are the characteristics of carbohydrates? - Answer: Compounds of carbon, oxygen,
and hydrogen that serve as the main source of energy; complex carbs include starch,
seeds, roots, and stems.
What are the types of fats and their effects on health? - Answer: Unsaturated fats
(monounsaturated and polyunsaturated) are healthier and less likely to raise cholesterol
levels, while saturated fats raise LDL levels and trans fats are harmful.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
,What is the role of fiber in the diet? - Answer: Fiber slows food passage, adds bulk to stool,
absorbs waste for elimination, lowers cholesterol levels, and slows glucose absorption.
What are fat-soluble vitamins? - Answer: Vitamins A, D, E, and K, which are stored in the
body's fatty tissues.
What are water-soluble vitamins? - Answer: Vitamins B1, B2, B3, B4, folate, B12,
Pantothenic acid, niacin, and C, which are not stored in the body and need to be consumed
regularly.
What are major minerals and their significance? - Answer: Major minerals (calcium,
sodium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium) should be consumed in amounts of 100mg
or more to promote health and avoid deficiencies.
What are trace minerals and their daily requirements? - Answer: Trace minerals (iron,
iodine, zinc, copper, fluoride, selenium, chromium, manganese, molybdenum) are needed
in amounts of 20mg or less each day.
What is the recommended daily intake of water? - Answer: It is recommended that people
drink adequate amounts of water daily, as the body loses water throughout the day.
What can result from dehydration? - Answer: Dehydration can lead to serious health issues
if not corrected.
What are complementary proteins? - Answer: Proteins that, when combined, provide all
essential amino acids for optimal functioning.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
, What is the significance of cholesterol in nutrition? - Answer: Cholesterol is a type of fat
that can affect heart health; it is important to manage intake of saturated and trans fats.
What is basal metabolism? - Answer: The rate at which the body uses energy while at rest
to maintain vital functions.
What is the definition of obesity? - Answer: Obesity is a condition characterized by
excessive body fat that may impair health.
What are the effects of caffeine on hydration? - Answer: Caffeine can act as a diuretic,
potentially leading to increased water loss.
What is thermoregulation? - Answer: The process by which the body maintains its internal
temperature.
What are the consequences of too little protein in the diet? - Answer: Too little protein can
cause muscle wasting, weakened immune response, and other health issues.
What is an enzyme? - Answer: A chemical substance in animals and plants that causes or
facilitates natural processes such as digestion.
What does 'metabolic' refer to? - Answer: It refers to metabolism, the process of nutrients
being absorbed and turned into energy.
What are the benefits of consuming fruits? - Answer: They reduce the risk of heart disease,
protect against some cancers, lower blood pressure, help with weight management, and
lower calorie intake.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
3
