1
StraighterLine Life-Span Development PSY120
Comprehensive Final Exam Review/ 2026
1. A gradual physical decline related to aging. It occurs in everyone & in every
body part, but the rate of decline is highly variable within & between
persons. - ANSWER Senescence
2. The extra capacity built into each organ, such as the heart & lungs, that
allows a person to cope with extraordinary demands or to withstand organ
strain. - ANSWER Organ Reserve
3. The adjustment of all the body's systems to keep physiological functions in a
state of equilibrium, moment by moment. As the body ages, it takes longer
for these homeostatic adjustments to occur, so it becomes harder for older
bodies to adapt to stress. - ANSWER Homeostasis
4. A dynamic body adjustment, related to homeostasis, that over time affects
overall physiology. The main difference is that while homeostasis requires
an immediate response, allostasis requires longer-term adjustment. -
ANSWER Allostasis
5. The inability to conceive a child after trying for at least a year. - ANSWER
Infertility
6. A technique in which ova (egg cells) are surgically removed from a woman
& fertilized with sperm in a laboratory. After the original fertilized cells
have divided several times, they are inserted into the woman's uterus. -
ANSWER In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
7. The time in middle age, usually around 50, when a woman's menstrual
periods cease & the production of estrogen, progesterone, & testosterone
drops. Strictly speaking, menopause is dated 1 year after a woman's last
menstrual period. - ANSWER Menopause
8. Taking hormones to compensate for hormone reduction. HRT is most
common in women at menopause or after removal of the ovaries, but is also
, 2
used by men to restore their decreased testosterone level. - ANSWER
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
9. A term coined to signify a drop in testosterone levels in older men, which
normally results in reduced sexual desire, erections, & muscle mass. (Male
menopause) - ANSWER Andropause
10.Forms of recreation that include apparent risk in injury or death and are
attractive and thrilling as a result. - ANSWER Extreme Sports
11.The ingestion of a drug to the extent that it impairs the user's biological or
psychological well-being. - ANSWER Drug Abuse / Addiction
12.Pattern of change beginning at conception and continuing throughout the life
span
Ex: growth and decline - ANSWER
13.Involves growth, maintenance, and regulation. - ANSWER Life-span
perspective
14.79 years - ANSWER average life expectancy
15.Interactions, behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a group
passed on from generation to generation - ANSWER culture
16.comparing aspects of cultures to gain information about their developmental
similarities - ANSWER cross-cultural studies
17.Based on cultural heritage, nationality characteristics, race, religion, and
language - ANSWER ethnicity
18.Grouping of people with similar occupational, educational, and economic
characteristics - ANSWER socioeconomic status
19.Characteristics of people as males, females, or transgender, and sociocultural
challenges - ANSWER gender
20.A national government's course of action designed to promote the welfare of
its citizens - ANSWER social policy
, 3
21.changes in an individual's physical nature - ANSWER biological processes
22.changes in an individual's thought, intelligence, and language - ANSWER
cognitive processes
23.changes in an individual's relationships, emotions, and personality -
ANSWER socioemotional processes
24.conception to birth - ANSWER prenatal period
25.birth to 18 to 24 months - ANSWER infancy
26.3 to 5 years - ANSWER early childhood
27.6 to 10 or 11 years old - ANSWER middle and late childhood
28.10 to 12 to 18 to 21 years old - ANSWER adolescence
29.18 to 25 years - ANSWER emerging adulthood
30.20s and 30s - ANSWER early adulthood
31.40s and 50s - ANSWER middle adulthood
32.60s to 70s to death - ANSWER late adulthood
33.childhood and adolescence - ANSWER first age
34.Prime adulthood, ages 20 through 59 - ANSWER second age
35.Approximately 60 to 79 years of age - ANSWER third age
36.Approximately 80 years and older - ANSWER fourth age
37.describes most individuals with psychological functioning peaking early
middle age - ANSWER normal aging
38.describes individuals with above average decline in early old age,
developing a condition leading to mild cognitive impairment - ANSWER
pathological age
, 4
39.describes individuals maintaining positive physical, cognitive, and
socioemotional development longer in life. - ANSWER successful aging
40.organisms biological inheritance vs environmental experiences - ANSWER
nature vs nurture
41.birth to 1.5 years; infant's pleasure centers on the mouth - ANSWER
Freudian development: oral stage
42.1.5 to 3 years; child's pleasure focuses on the anus - ANSWER freudian
development: anal stage
43.3 to 6 years; child's pleasure focuses on the genitals - ANSWER freudian
development: phallic stage
44.6 years to puberty; child represses sexual interest and develops social and
intellectual skills - ANSWER freudian development: latency stage
45.puberty onward; a time of sexual reawakening: source of sexual pleasure
becomes someone outside the family - ANSWER freudian development:
genital stage
46.motivation for behavior is social in nature - ANSWER erikson' psychosocial
theory for human behavior
47.birth to 2 to 3 years;
- infants coordinate sensory experiences with physical actions to
construct an understanding of the world
- infants progress from reflexive, instinctual action at birth to the
beginning of symbolic thought toward the end of the stage -
ANSWER sensorimotor stage
48.2 to 7 years:
- the child begins to represent the world with words and images. these
words and images reflect increases symbolic thinking and go beyond
the connection of sensory information and physical action - ANSWER
preoperational stage
49.7 to 11 years:
StraighterLine Life-Span Development PSY120
Comprehensive Final Exam Review/ 2026
1. A gradual physical decline related to aging. It occurs in everyone & in every
body part, but the rate of decline is highly variable within & between
persons. - ANSWER Senescence
2. The extra capacity built into each organ, such as the heart & lungs, that
allows a person to cope with extraordinary demands or to withstand organ
strain. - ANSWER Organ Reserve
3. The adjustment of all the body's systems to keep physiological functions in a
state of equilibrium, moment by moment. As the body ages, it takes longer
for these homeostatic adjustments to occur, so it becomes harder for older
bodies to adapt to stress. - ANSWER Homeostasis
4. A dynamic body adjustment, related to homeostasis, that over time affects
overall physiology. The main difference is that while homeostasis requires
an immediate response, allostasis requires longer-term adjustment. -
ANSWER Allostasis
5. The inability to conceive a child after trying for at least a year. - ANSWER
Infertility
6. A technique in which ova (egg cells) are surgically removed from a woman
& fertilized with sperm in a laboratory. After the original fertilized cells
have divided several times, they are inserted into the woman's uterus. -
ANSWER In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
7. The time in middle age, usually around 50, when a woman's menstrual
periods cease & the production of estrogen, progesterone, & testosterone
drops. Strictly speaking, menopause is dated 1 year after a woman's last
menstrual period. - ANSWER Menopause
8. Taking hormones to compensate for hormone reduction. HRT is most
common in women at menopause or after removal of the ovaries, but is also
, 2
used by men to restore their decreased testosterone level. - ANSWER
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
9. A term coined to signify a drop in testosterone levels in older men, which
normally results in reduced sexual desire, erections, & muscle mass. (Male
menopause) - ANSWER Andropause
10.Forms of recreation that include apparent risk in injury or death and are
attractive and thrilling as a result. - ANSWER Extreme Sports
11.The ingestion of a drug to the extent that it impairs the user's biological or
psychological well-being. - ANSWER Drug Abuse / Addiction
12.Pattern of change beginning at conception and continuing throughout the life
span
Ex: growth and decline - ANSWER
13.Involves growth, maintenance, and regulation. - ANSWER Life-span
perspective
14.79 years - ANSWER average life expectancy
15.Interactions, behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a group
passed on from generation to generation - ANSWER culture
16.comparing aspects of cultures to gain information about their developmental
similarities - ANSWER cross-cultural studies
17.Based on cultural heritage, nationality characteristics, race, religion, and
language - ANSWER ethnicity
18.Grouping of people with similar occupational, educational, and economic
characteristics - ANSWER socioeconomic status
19.Characteristics of people as males, females, or transgender, and sociocultural
challenges - ANSWER gender
20.A national government's course of action designed to promote the welfare of
its citizens - ANSWER social policy
, 3
21.changes in an individual's physical nature - ANSWER biological processes
22.changes in an individual's thought, intelligence, and language - ANSWER
cognitive processes
23.changes in an individual's relationships, emotions, and personality -
ANSWER socioemotional processes
24.conception to birth - ANSWER prenatal period
25.birth to 18 to 24 months - ANSWER infancy
26.3 to 5 years - ANSWER early childhood
27.6 to 10 or 11 years old - ANSWER middle and late childhood
28.10 to 12 to 18 to 21 years old - ANSWER adolescence
29.18 to 25 years - ANSWER emerging adulthood
30.20s and 30s - ANSWER early adulthood
31.40s and 50s - ANSWER middle adulthood
32.60s to 70s to death - ANSWER late adulthood
33.childhood and adolescence - ANSWER first age
34.Prime adulthood, ages 20 through 59 - ANSWER second age
35.Approximately 60 to 79 years of age - ANSWER third age
36.Approximately 80 years and older - ANSWER fourth age
37.describes most individuals with psychological functioning peaking early
middle age - ANSWER normal aging
38.describes individuals with above average decline in early old age,
developing a condition leading to mild cognitive impairment - ANSWER
pathological age
, 4
39.describes individuals maintaining positive physical, cognitive, and
socioemotional development longer in life. - ANSWER successful aging
40.organisms biological inheritance vs environmental experiences - ANSWER
nature vs nurture
41.birth to 1.5 years; infant's pleasure centers on the mouth - ANSWER
Freudian development: oral stage
42.1.5 to 3 years; child's pleasure focuses on the anus - ANSWER freudian
development: anal stage
43.3 to 6 years; child's pleasure focuses on the genitals - ANSWER freudian
development: phallic stage
44.6 years to puberty; child represses sexual interest and develops social and
intellectual skills - ANSWER freudian development: latency stage
45.puberty onward; a time of sexual reawakening: source of sexual pleasure
becomes someone outside the family - ANSWER freudian development:
genital stage
46.motivation for behavior is social in nature - ANSWER erikson' psychosocial
theory for human behavior
47.birth to 2 to 3 years;
- infants coordinate sensory experiences with physical actions to
construct an understanding of the world
- infants progress from reflexive, instinctual action at birth to the
beginning of symbolic thought toward the end of the stage -
ANSWER sensorimotor stage
48.2 to 7 years:
- the child begins to represent the world with words and images. these
words and images reflect increases symbolic thinking and go beyond
the connection of sensory information and physical action - ANSWER
preoperational stage
49.7 to 11 years:
