Rescuers – must satisfy Alcock test
(White v CC of South Yorkshire)
Psychiatric Injury
Long Term Diagnosed
(Behrens and Ors v Mental Injury Greater than Shock
Primary Victims Secondary Victims
Bertram Mills Circus or Grief
Ltd)
Must be in zone of danger - Alcock test from Alcock v CC of South Yorkshire:
objective test (McFarlan v E.E.
Hinz v Berry – Lord Denning = “no Caledonia), - Close tie of love and affection to a primary
damages are awarded for grief or victim,
If personal injury (physical or - Witness event with unaided senses,
sorrow caused by a person’s death” psychiatric) is foreseeable, a duty - Proximate to event or in immediate
can arise. (Page v Smith). aftermath (McLoughlin v O’Brian),
- Psychiatric harm caused by sufficiently
shocking event (Sion v Hampstead Health
Authority)
(White v CC of South Yorkshire)
Psychiatric Injury
Long Term Diagnosed
(Behrens and Ors v Mental Injury Greater than Shock
Primary Victims Secondary Victims
Bertram Mills Circus or Grief
Ltd)
Must be in zone of danger - Alcock test from Alcock v CC of South Yorkshire:
objective test (McFarlan v E.E.
Hinz v Berry – Lord Denning = “no Caledonia), - Close tie of love and affection to a primary
damages are awarded for grief or victim,
If personal injury (physical or - Witness event with unaided senses,
sorrow caused by a person’s death” psychiatric) is foreseeable, a duty - Proximate to event or in immediate
can arise. (Page v Smith). aftermath (McLoughlin v O’Brian),
- Psychiatric harm caused by sufficiently
shocking event (Sion v Hampstead Health
Authority)
