Lorella Debattista Health Studies Year 2 Group 1
M1
1. Behavioural Perspective
Under this perspective, a theorist known as Walson took and used ideas from Pavlov
and other theorists where ultimately defined that psychology is a study or concern
itself with observable behaviour where thoughts would not be noted down while
actions would be. The main aim of behaviourist perspective is based on people who
have to understand the different types of behaviours by observing what the person
had learned. Behaviours can also be about personality trades which include either
optimism or pessimism, embarrassment and confidence. Every person’s behaviour
can be developed and resulted from past experiences. Two theorists which are
associated with this kind of perspective are Pavlov who represents Classical
Conditioning and Skinner who introduced Operant Condition. Classical Conditioning
includes Unconditioned Response, Unconditioned Stimulus, Conditioned Response
and Conditioned Stimulus. For example a young child had to go to a GP for the
seasonal vaccination. However, the child is afraid of injections and wished return
back home. The medical practitioner asked both the mother and the child why the
child was so terrified and the child revealed that in the previous year she felt sick and
start to faint due to the injection. In this case it seemed that the Unconditioned
stimulus is the injection, the Unconditioned Response is fainting, Conditioned
Response is fear and Conditioned Stimulus is the experience of injection. The
Operant Conditioning includes both positive and negative reinforcement. For
example, a rat is placed in the Skinner box which started to sniff around and at the
same time started to press the leaver while the food began to release. The rat
started to repeat this process where the rat learned that when it presses the leaver
the food would be released. This case is considered as the positive reinforcement.
On the other hand, the negative reinforcement is that the Skinner box has low rate of
current passing through hence there was a factor which was disrupting from pressing
the leaver. This perspective has both strengths and weaknesses. The strength of this
perspective is that behaviourism is easier to be quantified and collected information
about it. Another strength is about techniques that are used in behaviourism such as;
behavioural intervention which are effective as therapeutic which are mostly useful to
overcome harmful behaviours from both children and young adults. However, as
behavioural techniques are used appropriately it will help in learning things. On the
other hand, one of the weaknesses is that there is only a one dimensional approach
M1
1. Behavioural Perspective
Under this perspective, a theorist known as Walson took and used ideas from Pavlov
and other theorists where ultimately defined that psychology is a study or concern
itself with observable behaviour where thoughts would not be noted down while
actions would be. The main aim of behaviourist perspective is based on people who
have to understand the different types of behaviours by observing what the person
had learned. Behaviours can also be about personality trades which include either
optimism or pessimism, embarrassment and confidence. Every person’s behaviour
can be developed and resulted from past experiences. Two theorists which are
associated with this kind of perspective are Pavlov who represents Classical
Conditioning and Skinner who introduced Operant Condition. Classical Conditioning
includes Unconditioned Response, Unconditioned Stimulus, Conditioned Response
and Conditioned Stimulus. For example a young child had to go to a GP for the
seasonal vaccination. However, the child is afraid of injections and wished return
back home. The medical practitioner asked both the mother and the child why the
child was so terrified and the child revealed that in the previous year she felt sick and
start to faint due to the injection. In this case it seemed that the Unconditioned
stimulus is the injection, the Unconditioned Response is fainting, Conditioned
Response is fear and Conditioned Stimulus is the experience of injection. The
Operant Conditioning includes both positive and negative reinforcement. For
example, a rat is placed in the Skinner box which started to sniff around and at the
same time started to press the leaver while the food began to release. The rat
started to repeat this process where the rat learned that when it presses the leaver
the food would be released. This case is considered as the positive reinforcement.
On the other hand, the negative reinforcement is that the Skinner box has low rate of
current passing through hence there was a factor which was disrupting from pressing
the leaver. This perspective has both strengths and weaknesses. The strength of this
perspective is that behaviourism is easier to be quantified and collected information
about it. Another strength is about techniques that are used in behaviourism such as;
behavioural intervention which are effective as therapeutic which are mostly useful to
overcome harmful behaviours from both children and young adults. However, as
behavioural techniques are used appropriately it will help in learning things. On the
other hand, one of the weaknesses is that there is only a one dimensional approach
