Portage Chem 103 Module 2 2025/2026
updated edition with 100% complete
solution
Waves - ANS Oscillation or periodic movement that can transport energy from one point space
to another
Electromagnetic Waves - ANS Consist of an electric and magnetic field, oscillating
perpendicular to one another as well as the direction of travel
Wavelength - ANS - Distance between two consecutive peaks or troughs in a wave
- Measured in meters
Frequency - ANS - Number of wave cycles (complete wavelengths) that pass a specified point
in space in a specified amount of time
- Measured in hertz, Hz (cycles per second, 1/s or s^-1)
Amplitude - ANS Magnitude of the wave's displacement, which is one half the height between
the peaks and troughs
Electromagnetic Spectrum - ANS Range of energies that electromagnetic radiation can
comprise, including radio, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays and gamma rays
Isaac Newton - ANS When trying to separate the colors of light it went in a straight line the way
particles do so light was made of particles
Christian Huygens - ANS Reflection and refraction leading him to saying light was waves
Thomas Young - ANS - Double slit experiment
- Light shown through both slits should have appeared as two line of viewing screen but instead
their were multiple lines showing that Light was made of waves
James Clerk Maxwell - ANS - Light is made of two waves; electric and magnetic field
- First colored photo
, Two Domains Scientists View the Physical Universe as - ANS - Matter
- Electromagnetic Radiation
Matter - ANS Composed of particles moving according to Newton's laws of motion
Electromagnetic Radiation - ANS - Consists of waves governed by Maxwell's equations
- Paradoxes prevented full explanation under either framework
Wave Particle Duality - ANS Observation that elementary particles can exhibit both wave-like
and particle-like properties
Black Body Radiation - ANS - Appear black because they absorb all wavelengths of light and
emit energy when heated
- When it emits light when in the visible range it shows the temp
UV Catastrophe - ANS Inability to see energy emitted by black body radiation
Photoelectric Effect - ANS If you shoot light of a certain energy at a metal, electrons would be
ejected off the metal. If the energy was higher than required it would eject at a higher speeder
but if not enough nothing would happen. Einstein found that intensity had no effect on speed of
ejection but frequency did therefore particle behaviour
Einstein Equation - ANS Only calculates the energy of one photon of light at a given frequency
or wavelength
Photon - ANS - Smallest possible packet of electromagnetic radiation
- A particle of light whose energy depends on frequency
Bohr Model - ANS - Planetary model was flawed because electrons would be attracted to the
nucleus and would get closer till it collided
- Treated particles as particles and waves
- Electrons could absorb or emit energy
- Only works for hydrogen
Energy States in Atoms - ANS - Ground state
- Excited state
Ground State - ANS State where electrons in an atom, ion or molecule have the lowest energy
possible
Excited State - ANS State having an energy greater than the ground state energy
Electron Distribution in an Atom - ANS - Energy levels are quantized in an atom
updated edition with 100% complete
solution
Waves - ANS Oscillation or periodic movement that can transport energy from one point space
to another
Electromagnetic Waves - ANS Consist of an electric and magnetic field, oscillating
perpendicular to one another as well as the direction of travel
Wavelength - ANS - Distance between two consecutive peaks or troughs in a wave
- Measured in meters
Frequency - ANS - Number of wave cycles (complete wavelengths) that pass a specified point
in space in a specified amount of time
- Measured in hertz, Hz (cycles per second, 1/s or s^-1)
Amplitude - ANS Magnitude of the wave's displacement, which is one half the height between
the peaks and troughs
Electromagnetic Spectrum - ANS Range of energies that electromagnetic radiation can
comprise, including radio, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays and gamma rays
Isaac Newton - ANS When trying to separate the colors of light it went in a straight line the way
particles do so light was made of particles
Christian Huygens - ANS Reflection and refraction leading him to saying light was waves
Thomas Young - ANS - Double slit experiment
- Light shown through both slits should have appeared as two line of viewing screen but instead
their were multiple lines showing that Light was made of waves
James Clerk Maxwell - ANS - Light is made of two waves; electric and magnetic field
- First colored photo
, Two Domains Scientists View the Physical Universe as - ANS - Matter
- Electromagnetic Radiation
Matter - ANS Composed of particles moving according to Newton's laws of motion
Electromagnetic Radiation - ANS - Consists of waves governed by Maxwell's equations
- Paradoxes prevented full explanation under either framework
Wave Particle Duality - ANS Observation that elementary particles can exhibit both wave-like
and particle-like properties
Black Body Radiation - ANS - Appear black because they absorb all wavelengths of light and
emit energy when heated
- When it emits light when in the visible range it shows the temp
UV Catastrophe - ANS Inability to see energy emitted by black body radiation
Photoelectric Effect - ANS If you shoot light of a certain energy at a metal, electrons would be
ejected off the metal. If the energy was higher than required it would eject at a higher speeder
but if not enough nothing would happen. Einstein found that intensity had no effect on speed of
ejection but frequency did therefore particle behaviour
Einstein Equation - ANS Only calculates the energy of one photon of light at a given frequency
or wavelength
Photon - ANS - Smallest possible packet of electromagnetic radiation
- A particle of light whose energy depends on frequency
Bohr Model - ANS - Planetary model was flawed because electrons would be attracted to the
nucleus and would get closer till it collided
- Treated particles as particles and waves
- Electrons could absorb or emit energy
- Only works for hydrogen
Energy States in Atoms - ANS - Ground state
- Excited state
Ground State - ANS State where electrons in an atom, ion or molecule have the lowest energy
possible
Excited State - ANS State having an energy greater than the ground state energy
Electron Distribution in an Atom - ANS - Energy levels are quantized in an atom
