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1. Driver: My friends say I will one day have an accident
because I drive my sports car recklessly. But I
have done some research, and apparently
minivans and larger sedans have very low
accident rates compared to sports cars. So trading
my sports car in for a minivan would lower my
risk of having an accident.
The reasoning in the driver's argument is most
vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that this
argument
(A) infers a cause from a mere correlation
(B) relies on a sample that is too narrow
(C) misinterprets evidence that a result is likely as
evidence that the result is certain
(D) mistakes a condition sufficient for bringing
about a result for a condition necessary for
doing so
(E) relies on a source that is probably not
well-informed - ANSWER -A
2. Editorialist: News media rarely cover local politics
thoroughly, and local political business is usually
conducted secretively. These factors each tend to
isolate local politicians from their electorates.
This has the effect of reducing the chance that
any particular act of resident participation will
elicit a positive official response, which in turn
discourages resident participation in local politics.
Which one of the following is most strongly supported
by the editorialist's statements?
(A) Particular acts of resident participation would be
likely to elicit a positive response from local
politicians if those politicians were less isolated
from their electorate.
(B) Local political business should be conducted
,less secretively because this would avoid
discouraging resident participation in local
politics.
(C) The most important factor influencing a
resident's decision as to whether to participate
in local poli - ANSWER -D
3. Philosopher: An action is morally right if it would be
reasonably expected to increase the aggregate
well-being of the people affected by it. An action
is morally wrong if and only if it would be
reasonably expected to reduce the aggregate wellbeing
of the people affected by it. Thus, actions
that would be reasonably expected to leave
unchanged the aggregate well-being of the people
affected by them are also right.
The philosopher's conclusion follows logically if which
one of the following is assumed?
(A) Only wrong actions would be reasonably
expected to reduce the aggregate well-being of
the people affected by them.
(B) No action is both right and wrong.
(C) Any action that is not morally wrong is morally
right.
(D) There are actions that would be reasonably
expected to leave unchanged the aggregate
well-being of the people affected by them.
(E) Only right actions have good consequences. - ANSWER -C
4. Car companies solicit consumer information on such
human factors as whether a seat is comfortable or
whether a set of controls is easy to use. However,
designer interaction with consumers is superior to
survey data; the data may tell the designer why a
feature on last year's model was given a low rating,
but data will not explain how that feature needs to be
changed in order to receive a higher rating.
The reasoning above conforms most closely to which
one of the following propositions?
(A) Getting consumer input for design modifications
,can contribute to successful product design.
(B) Car companies traditionally conduct extensive
postmarket surveys.
(C) Designers aim to create features that will appeal
to specific market niches.
(D) A car will have unappealing features if
consumers are not consulted during its design
stage.
(E) Consumer input affects external rather than
internal design components of cars. - ANSWER -A
25. During the nineteenth century, the French academy of
art was a major financial sponsor of painting and
sculpture in France; sponsorship by private individuals
had decreased dramatically by this time. Because the
academy discouraged innovation in the arts, there was
little innovation in nineteenth century French sculpture.
Yet nineteenth century French painting showed a
remarkable degree of innovation.
Which one of the following, if true, most helps to
explain the difference between the amount of
innovation in French painting and the amount of
innovation in French sculpture during the nineteenth
century?
(A) In France in the nineteenth century, the French
academy gave more of its financial support to
painting than it did to sculpture.
(B) The French academy in the nineteenth century
financially supported a greater number of
sculptors than painters, but individual painters
received more support, on average, than
in - ANSWER -C
1. Situation: Someone living in a cold climate buys a
winter coat that is stylish but not warm in order to
appear sophisticated.
Analysis: People are sometimes willing to sacrifice
sensual comfort or pleasure for the sake of
appearances.
The analysis provided for the situation above is most
, appropriate for which one of the following situations?
(A) A person buys an automobile to commute to
work even though public transportation is
quick and reliable.
(B) A parent buys a car seat for a young child
because it is more colorful and more
comfortable for the child than the other car
seats on the market, though no safer.
(C) A couple buys a particular wine even though
their favorite wine is less expensive and better
tasting because they think it will impress their
dinner guests.
(D) A person sets her thermostat at a low
temperature during the winter because she is
concerned about the environmental damage
caused by using fos - ANSWER -C
2. After replacing his old gas water heater with a new,
pilotless, gas water heater that is rated as highly
efficient, Jimmy's gas bills increased.
Each of the following, if true, contributes to an
explanation of the increase mentioned above EXCEPT:
(A) The new water heater uses a smaller percentage
of the gas used by Jimmy's household than did
the old one.
(B) Shortly after the new water heater was installed,
Jimmy's uncle came to live with him, doubling
the size of the household.
(C) After having done his laundry at a laundromat,
Jimmy bought and started using a gas dryer
when he replaced his water heater.
(D) Jimmy's utility company raised the rates for gas
consumption following installation of the new
water heater.
(E) Unusually cold weather following installation of
the new water heater resulted in heavy gas
usage. - ANSWER -A
3. Carolyn: The artist Marc Quinn has displayed, behind a
glass plate, biologically replicated fragments of