,Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 5th Edition, Brian K. Walsh Test Bank
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Table of Contents
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Chapter 1. Fetal Lung Development
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Chapter 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
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Chapter 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
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Chapter 4. Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
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Chapter 5. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
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Chapter 6. Radiographic Assessment
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Chapter 7. Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy
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Chapter 8. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring
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Chapter 9. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care
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Chapter 10. Oxygen Administration
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Chapter 11. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
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Chapter 12. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
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Chapter 13. Airway Management
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Chapter 14. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
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Chapter 15. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate
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Chapter 16. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child
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Chapter 17. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient
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Chapter 18. Administration of Gas Mixtures
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Chapter 19. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
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Chapter 20. Pharmacology
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Chapter 21. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
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Chapter 22. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
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Chapter 23. Surgical Disorders in Childhood that Affect Respiratory Care
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Chapter 24. Congenital Cardiac Defects
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Chapter 25. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
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Chapter 26. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
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Chapter 27. Asthma
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Chapter 28. Cystic Fibrosis
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Chapter 29. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
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Chapter 30. Shock
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Chapter 31. Pediatric Trauma
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Chapter 32. Disorders of the Pleura
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Chapter 33. Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders
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Chapter 34. Pediatric Emergencies
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Chapter 35. Home Care of the Postpartum Family
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Chapter 36. Quality and Safety
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,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
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Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 5th Edition Test Bank (2020)
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MULTIPLE CHOICE zl
1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the formation of
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a capillary network around airway passages?
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a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: D zl
The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17 week
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s to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of vascular channels
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
, or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network around the air passages. Du
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ring the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to week 16 of gestation, the
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airway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway system develops, ending with
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the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, which takes place from weeks 29 t
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o 36 of gestation, is characterized by the development of sacs that later become alveoli. During t
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he saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the potential gas-
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exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveolar sta
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ge is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This stage is rep
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resented by the establishment of alveoli. zl zl zl zl zl
REF: pp. 3-5 zl z l
2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, byapproximately what age do most of the alveoli that will be
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present in the lungs for life develop? zl zl zl zl zl zl
a. 6 months zl
b. 1 year zl
c. 1.5 years zl
d. 2 years zl
ANS: C zl
Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life. At 2
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years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantiallyamong individuals. After 2 years of age,
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males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends, the alveoli continu
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e to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
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REF: p. 6 zl zl
3. The respiratorytherapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress due to tracheal ste
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nosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
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, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A zl
The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in devel
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opment during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or stenosis. Pul
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
monary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized byan abnormally low
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can develop during the pseu
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doglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase (i.e., prematurely), severe re
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
spiratory distress can be expected because the inadequately developed airways, along with insu
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fficient and immature surfactant production by alveolar type II cells, gives rise to the constellati
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on of problems known as infant respiratory distress syndrome.
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REF: p. 6 z l z l zl
4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible association between oli
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gohydramnios and lung hypoplasia? zl zl zl
I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism zl zl
II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall zl zl zl zl zl
III. Interference with fetal breathing zl zl zl
IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid zl zl zl zl zl
a. I and III only
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b. II and III only zl zl zl
c. I, II, and IV onlyzl zl zl zl
d. II, III, and IV only zl zl zl zl
ANS: D zl
Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of time, wi zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
th or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms by which am
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niotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explanations for reduced qua
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ntity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall, interference with fetal br
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eathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinical and experimental observations pos
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sibly point to a common denominator, lung stretch, as being a major growth stimulant.
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REF: pp. 6-7 zl zl
5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted bythe type II pneumocyte?
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a. To increase the gas exchange surface area
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b. To reduce surface tension zl zl zl
c. To maintain lung elasticity zl zl zl
d. To preserve the volume of the amniotic fluid
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Table of Contents
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Chapter 1. Fetal Lung Development
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Chapter 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
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Chapter 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
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Chapter 4. Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
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Chapter 5. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
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Chapter 6. Radiographic Assessment
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Chapter 7. Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy
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Chapter 8. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring
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Chapter 9. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care
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Chapter 10. Oxygen Administration
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Chapter 11. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
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Chapter 12. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
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Chapter 13. Airway Management
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Chapter 14. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
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Chapter 15. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate
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Chapter 16. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child
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Chapter 17. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient
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Chapter 18. Administration of Gas Mixtures
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Chapter 19. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
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Chapter 20. Pharmacology
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Chapter 21. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
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Chapter 22. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
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Chapter 23. Surgical Disorders in Childhood that Affect Respiratory Care
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Chapter 24. Congenital Cardiac Defects
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Chapter 25. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
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Chapter 26. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
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Chapter 27. Asthma
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Chapter 28. Cystic Fibrosis
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Chapter 29. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
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Chapter 30. Shock
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Chapter 31. Pediatric Trauma
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Chapter 32. Disorders of the Pleura
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Chapter 33. Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders
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Chapter 34. Pediatric Emergencies
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Chapter 35. Home Care of the Postpartum Family
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Chapter 36. Quality and Safety
zl zl zl zl
,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
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Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 5th Edition Test Bank (2020)
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
MULTIPLE CHOICE zl
1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the formation of
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
a capillary network around airway passages?
zl zl zl zl zl
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: D zl
The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17 week
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
s to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of vascular channels
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
, or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network around the air passages. Du
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
ring the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to week 16 of gestation, the
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
airway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway system develops, ending with
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl z
the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, which takes place from weeks 29 t
l zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
o 36 of gestation, is characterized by the development of sacs that later become alveoli. During t
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
he saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the potential gas-
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveolar sta
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
ge is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This stage is rep
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
resented by the establishment of alveoli. zl zl zl zl zl
REF: pp. 3-5 zl z l
2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, byapproximately what age do most of the alveoli that will be
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
present in the lungs for life develop? zl zl zl zl zl zl
a. 6 months zl
b. 1 year zl
c. 1.5 years zl
d. 2 years zl
ANS: C zl
Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life. At 2
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantiallyamong individuals. After 2 years of age,
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends, the alveoli continu
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
e to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
REF: p. 6 zl zl
3. The respiratorytherapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress due to tracheal ste
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
nosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A zl
The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in devel
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
opment during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or stenosis. Pul
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
monary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized byan abnormally low
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can develop during the pseu
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
doglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase (i.e., prematurely), severe re
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
spiratory distress can be expected because the inadequately developed airways, along with insu
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
fficient and immature surfactant production by alveolar type II cells, gives rise to the constellati
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
on of problems known as infant respiratory distress syndrome.
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REF: p. 6 z l z l zl
4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible association between oli
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
gohydramnios and lung hypoplasia? zl zl zl
I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism zl zl
II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall zl zl zl zl zl
III. Interference with fetal breathing zl zl zl
IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid zl zl zl zl zl
a. I and III only
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b. II and III only zl zl zl
c. I, II, and IV onlyzl zl zl zl
d. II, III, and IV only zl zl zl zl
ANS: D zl
Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of time, wi zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
th or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms by which am
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
niotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explanations for reduced qua
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
ntity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall, interference with fetal br
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
eathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinical and experimental observations pos
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
sibly point to a common denominator, lung stretch, as being a major growth stimulant.
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
REF: pp. 6-7 zl zl
5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted bythe type II pneumocyte?
zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl zl
a. To increase the gas exchange surface area
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b. To reduce surface tension zl zl zl
c. To maintain lung elasticity zl zl zl
d. To preserve the volume of the amniotic fluid
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