2025 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY HESI
RN QUESTIONS and ANSWERS UPDATED
VERSION FOR 2025/2026
a. positive feedback - answer-An initial disturbance in a system sets off a chain of
events that does not favor stability and often abruptly displaces a system from its
steady state: what is that?
a. Positive Feedback
b. Negative Feedback
c. Disease
d. Homeostasis
b. gums - answer-What organ shrinks with age?
a. Prostate
b. Gums
c. Heart
d. All of the above
d. there is less thirst perception in the elderly - answer-Which of the following is
true?
a. An infant will have a slower heart rate than an adult
b. The elderly have better temperature sensations
c. There are more sweat glands in an elderly person
,d. There is less thirst perception in the elderly
a. Early detection - answer-Which of the following offers the best prognosis for
the cure of cancer?
a. Early detection
b. Aggressive chemotherapy
c. Adjunct radiation
d. Gene therapy
c. The combined 5 year survival rate for cancer is 62% - answer-Which of the
following is true about cancer?
a. Most deaths occur in those over 75 years old
b. Men have 1 in 3 lifetime risk of cancer
c. The combined 5 year survival rate for cancer is 62%
d. It is the leading cause of death
b. It tracks the progress of the disease and the effectiveness of treatment -
answer-What is the purpose of the TNM classification system?
a. It provides information for ongoing research efforts to develop a cure for
cancer
b. It tracks the progress of the disease and the effectiveness of treatment
c. It enables the MD to determine the underlying cause of the malignancy
d. It provides tumor data for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
,a. Cancer cells produce an enzyme that robs normal cells of nutrients - answer-
Why do patients with advanced cancer develop cachexia?
a. Cancer cells produce an enzyme that robs normal cells of nutrients
b. They lack an adequate number of normal cells to support metabolism
c. They have an increased basal metabolic rate
d. The process of cancer cell destruction utilizes most of the body's nutrients
d. Loss or defect of tumor suppressor genes - answer-Which of the following
explains the genetic basis for cancer development?
a. Exposure to ionizing radiation
b. Decreased immune function
c. Infection by oncogenic bacteria
d. Loss or defect of tumor suppressor genes
a. Shape
b. Need for oxygen
c. Reaction to staining - answer-Bacteria are categorized by their: (select all that
apply)
a. Shape
b. Need for oxygen
c. Reaction to staining
d. Size
e. Color
a. Opportunistic infection - answer-If the host's immune system is compromised
resident florae may become pathogenic resulting in:
, a. Opportunistic infection
b. Salmonella infection
c. Otitis media
d. Myocarditis
c. Take all the antibiotics ordered even when feeling recovered - answer-Patient
education to reduce emergence of resistant infections includes:
a. Stop taking prescribed antibiotics when fever is gone to avoid overuse
b. Take antibiotics for viral infections that cause temperature elevation
c. Take all the antibiotics ordered even when feeling recovered
d. Share antibiotics with susceptible family members to prevent spread of
infection
d. Vessel walls briefly constrict - answer-Which of the following occurs first after
cellular injury?
a. Vessel walls rupture
b. Neutrophils migrate to the injured area
c. Plasma proteins and water move from the intracellular space to the interstitial
space
d. Vessel walls briefly constrict
d. Pneumonia vaccine - answer-Which of the following is an example of active
immunity?
a. Injection of pooled gamma globulin
b. Breast-feeding
c. Passed from mother to infant via the placenta
RN QUESTIONS and ANSWERS UPDATED
VERSION FOR 2025/2026
a. positive feedback - answer-An initial disturbance in a system sets off a chain of
events that does not favor stability and often abruptly displaces a system from its
steady state: what is that?
a. Positive Feedback
b. Negative Feedback
c. Disease
d. Homeostasis
b. gums - answer-What organ shrinks with age?
a. Prostate
b. Gums
c. Heart
d. All of the above
d. there is less thirst perception in the elderly - answer-Which of the following is
true?
a. An infant will have a slower heart rate than an adult
b. The elderly have better temperature sensations
c. There are more sweat glands in an elderly person
,d. There is less thirst perception in the elderly
a. Early detection - answer-Which of the following offers the best prognosis for
the cure of cancer?
a. Early detection
b. Aggressive chemotherapy
c. Adjunct radiation
d. Gene therapy
c. The combined 5 year survival rate for cancer is 62% - answer-Which of the
following is true about cancer?
a. Most deaths occur in those over 75 years old
b. Men have 1 in 3 lifetime risk of cancer
c. The combined 5 year survival rate for cancer is 62%
d. It is the leading cause of death
b. It tracks the progress of the disease and the effectiveness of treatment -
answer-What is the purpose of the TNM classification system?
a. It provides information for ongoing research efforts to develop a cure for
cancer
b. It tracks the progress of the disease and the effectiveness of treatment
c. It enables the MD to determine the underlying cause of the malignancy
d. It provides tumor data for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
,a. Cancer cells produce an enzyme that robs normal cells of nutrients - answer-
Why do patients with advanced cancer develop cachexia?
a. Cancer cells produce an enzyme that robs normal cells of nutrients
b. They lack an adequate number of normal cells to support metabolism
c. They have an increased basal metabolic rate
d. The process of cancer cell destruction utilizes most of the body's nutrients
d. Loss or defect of tumor suppressor genes - answer-Which of the following
explains the genetic basis for cancer development?
a. Exposure to ionizing radiation
b. Decreased immune function
c. Infection by oncogenic bacteria
d. Loss or defect of tumor suppressor genes
a. Shape
b. Need for oxygen
c. Reaction to staining - answer-Bacteria are categorized by their: (select all that
apply)
a. Shape
b. Need for oxygen
c. Reaction to staining
d. Size
e. Color
a. Opportunistic infection - answer-If the host's immune system is compromised
resident florae may become pathogenic resulting in:
, a. Opportunistic infection
b. Salmonella infection
c. Otitis media
d. Myocarditis
c. Take all the antibiotics ordered even when feeling recovered - answer-Patient
education to reduce emergence of resistant infections includes:
a. Stop taking prescribed antibiotics when fever is gone to avoid overuse
b. Take antibiotics for viral infections that cause temperature elevation
c. Take all the antibiotics ordered even when feeling recovered
d. Share antibiotics with susceptible family members to prevent spread of
infection
d. Vessel walls briefly constrict - answer-Which of the following occurs first after
cellular injury?
a. Vessel walls rupture
b. Neutrophils migrate to the injured area
c. Plasma proteins and water move from the intracellular space to the interstitial
space
d. Vessel walls briefly constrict
d. Pneumonia vaccine - answer-Which of the following is an example of active
immunity?
a. Injection of pooled gamma globulin
b. Breast-feeding
c. Passed from mother to infant via the placenta
