NUR 405 Exam 3 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026
Define echolalia - Answers Speech repeats or echoes what was said or heard
-ex: pt repeats or mimics words heard on tv
Define tangentiality - Answers Speech response off point and seems to go in multiple directions
not connected
What is the technical word for word salad? - Answers Incoherency
Define clanging speech - Answers Speech with sounds or words that rhyme rather than meaning
Define circumstantiality - Answers Extensive wandering speech that eventually gets back to the
topic
Define neologism - Answers Making up new words or phrases
Define catatonia - Answers A decrease in reactivity to external stimuli resulting in either lack of
movement and severe rigidity or hyperactive unrestrictive movement
Explain: lack of impulse or control - Answers Lack of inhibition or filters resulting in odd or
uncontrolled behaviors usually inappropriate for the situation
Define alogia - Answers Lack of language skills
- pt rarely speaks, gives simple short answers
List primary prevention for cognitive impairment - Answers - promoting a healthy lifestyle
[exercise increases white matter and prevents cognitive deterioration; nutrition w MIND diet]
- educational and community programs
- genetic counseling
- practices to reduce risk of delirium/dementia [avoiing chemicals, illicit drugs, teaching about
healthy pregnancy]
What is the MIND diet? - Answers Modified mediterranean diet
- increased fibers, beans, poultry, fish, berries, veggies, green leafy veggies, olive oils, nuts, low
sodium]
List secondary prevention for cognitive impairment - Answers Mini mental exam
- a standardized cognitive tool
- provides 11 cognitive tests
,- the lower the score, the more severe impairment
List the impairments found with alzheimers disease - Answers - agnosia
- apraxia
- aphasia
- amnesia
Define agnosia - Answers Recognition/perception -> not being able to recognize
Define apraxia - Answers Disorder of inability to perform tasks or movementss when asked
Define amnesia - Answers New/recent memory affected in alzheimers
Define aphasia - Answers Disorder of language expression and comprehension
Define confabulation - Answers Creating imaginary events to ill in memeory gaps -> they cant
remember what they did last night so they make up a story (can be a crazy story or a believeable
one)
List neuropsychiatric sx's for alzheimers disease - Answers - delusions [something you actually
believe]
- hallucination [actually seeing, hearing, or feeling]
- depression
- anxiety
- euphoria [extreme happiness]
- aggression
- irritability
- disinhibition [acts on impulse without thinking of the consequence]
- wondering/pacing
- sleep disturbances
Antipsychotics may not be used as ____________ ___________ - Answers Chemical restraints
Caution giving antipsychotics with ___________ in elderly (long term) - Answers Benzos
Side effects of memantine (Namenda) - Answers Dizziness, headache, confusion, diarrhea,
constipation, fatigue, HTN, weight gain, urinary incontinence
, Nursing considerations for memantine (Namenda) - Answers Monitor for signs of overdose
(agitation, asthenia hallucinations, vertigo, coma, lethargy, EKG changes, psychosis, vomiting),
monitor cog, monitor SI, avoid diet high in fruits/veggies to avoid contributing to alkaline urine,
fall precautions
Nursing considerations for donepezil (Aricept) - Answers Take with food, take in evening, may
increase liver enzymes so monitor labs, fall precautions, assess cog function, monitor VS
Side effects of donepezil (Aricept) - Answers NVD, sleep disturbances, muscle cramps, weight
loss, dizziness, bradycardia
What are some considerations to keep in mind when treating with antipsychotic meds? -
Answers - monitor for extrapyramidal sx (EPS)
- patients with dementia may not be abl to verbalize how they're feeling
- consider haloperidol doses lower than 1mg/day
- olanzapine (Zyprexa) is shown to be better tolerated
List nonpharmacological tx for alzheimers/dementia - Answers - reality therapy
- reminiscent therapy -> talking about old memories
- validation therapy -> once end stage do not reorient, just go with it
- music therapy
- mindfulness therapy -> meditation, yoga
- sleep hygeine
- light therapy -> flickering lights may promote gama wave
- tai chi -> gentle movement with meditation
List nursing interventions for alzheimers - Answers - interventions will vary depending on level of
neurocogntive impairment
- prioritize safety: lighting, furnitrue arrangements, remove safety hazards
- use signs for patients rooms/bathroom
- keep explanations simple, use face to face interaction
- speak slowsly and do not shout
- provide family photos, reminisce and encourage them to tlak about their past
Define echolalia - Answers Speech repeats or echoes what was said or heard
-ex: pt repeats or mimics words heard on tv
Define tangentiality - Answers Speech response off point and seems to go in multiple directions
not connected
What is the technical word for word salad? - Answers Incoherency
Define clanging speech - Answers Speech with sounds or words that rhyme rather than meaning
Define circumstantiality - Answers Extensive wandering speech that eventually gets back to the
topic
Define neologism - Answers Making up new words or phrases
Define catatonia - Answers A decrease in reactivity to external stimuli resulting in either lack of
movement and severe rigidity or hyperactive unrestrictive movement
Explain: lack of impulse or control - Answers Lack of inhibition or filters resulting in odd or
uncontrolled behaviors usually inappropriate for the situation
Define alogia - Answers Lack of language skills
- pt rarely speaks, gives simple short answers
List primary prevention for cognitive impairment - Answers - promoting a healthy lifestyle
[exercise increases white matter and prevents cognitive deterioration; nutrition w MIND diet]
- educational and community programs
- genetic counseling
- practices to reduce risk of delirium/dementia [avoiing chemicals, illicit drugs, teaching about
healthy pregnancy]
What is the MIND diet? - Answers Modified mediterranean diet
- increased fibers, beans, poultry, fish, berries, veggies, green leafy veggies, olive oils, nuts, low
sodium]
List secondary prevention for cognitive impairment - Answers Mini mental exam
- a standardized cognitive tool
- provides 11 cognitive tests
,- the lower the score, the more severe impairment
List the impairments found with alzheimers disease - Answers - agnosia
- apraxia
- aphasia
- amnesia
Define agnosia - Answers Recognition/perception -> not being able to recognize
Define apraxia - Answers Disorder of inability to perform tasks or movementss when asked
Define amnesia - Answers New/recent memory affected in alzheimers
Define aphasia - Answers Disorder of language expression and comprehension
Define confabulation - Answers Creating imaginary events to ill in memeory gaps -> they cant
remember what they did last night so they make up a story (can be a crazy story or a believeable
one)
List neuropsychiatric sx's for alzheimers disease - Answers - delusions [something you actually
believe]
- hallucination [actually seeing, hearing, or feeling]
- depression
- anxiety
- euphoria [extreme happiness]
- aggression
- irritability
- disinhibition [acts on impulse without thinking of the consequence]
- wondering/pacing
- sleep disturbances
Antipsychotics may not be used as ____________ ___________ - Answers Chemical restraints
Caution giving antipsychotics with ___________ in elderly (long term) - Answers Benzos
Side effects of memantine (Namenda) - Answers Dizziness, headache, confusion, diarrhea,
constipation, fatigue, HTN, weight gain, urinary incontinence
, Nursing considerations for memantine (Namenda) - Answers Monitor for signs of overdose
(agitation, asthenia hallucinations, vertigo, coma, lethargy, EKG changes, psychosis, vomiting),
monitor cog, monitor SI, avoid diet high in fruits/veggies to avoid contributing to alkaline urine,
fall precautions
Nursing considerations for donepezil (Aricept) - Answers Take with food, take in evening, may
increase liver enzymes so monitor labs, fall precautions, assess cog function, monitor VS
Side effects of donepezil (Aricept) - Answers NVD, sleep disturbances, muscle cramps, weight
loss, dizziness, bradycardia
What are some considerations to keep in mind when treating with antipsychotic meds? -
Answers - monitor for extrapyramidal sx (EPS)
- patients with dementia may not be abl to verbalize how they're feeling
- consider haloperidol doses lower than 1mg/day
- olanzapine (Zyprexa) is shown to be better tolerated
List nonpharmacological tx for alzheimers/dementia - Answers - reality therapy
- reminiscent therapy -> talking about old memories
- validation therapy -> once end stage do not reorient, just go with it
- music therapy
- mindfulness therapy -> meditation, yoga
- sleep hygeine
- light therapy -> flickering lights may promote gama wave
- tai chi -> gentle movement with meditation
List nursing interventions for alzheimers - Answers - interventions will vary depending on level of
neurocogntive impairment
- prioritize safety: lighting, furnitrue arrangements, remove safety hazards
- use signs for patients rooms/bathroom
- keep explanations simple, use face to face interaction
- speak slowsly and do not shout
- provide family photos, reminisce and encourage them to tlak about their past
