CS 100 Final Exam Question and
answers already passed 2025/2026
What are integers? - correct answer ✔whole numbers (-1, 0, 1)
What are rational and irrational numbers? - correct answer ✔rational - any number that is whole, or
decimal that can be made into a fraction
irrational- any number that can not be made into a fraction (pi, square root 8).
what are real numbers? - correct answer ✔real numbers include all numbers: integer, rational and
irrational
what is 10^-3 and 10^5 - correct answer ✔1. 0.001
2. 100000
Difference between discrete and continuous numbers. Give 2 examples of each. - correct answer
✔Continuous numbers are smooth flowing and they have infinite number of values in between each
point. (your height over time, your weight over time)
Discrete values jump from one value to the next. (ex. how many students in a class room, your height
plotted on a digital graph.
What is discretization? Are most physical phenomena discrete or continuous? - correct answer
✔converting or rounding continuous properties into discrete values.
Most physical phenomenas like growing, distance and time are all continuous properties that have been
discretized.
,Where did the term digital come from? What does digital mean now? - correct answer ✔Digital came
from the term fingers (anything that was countable) and now digital means anything related to
computers now.
is digital data
a) continuous
b) discrete - correct answer ✔b) discrete
Discrete is interchangeable with _____ and
Continuous is interchangeable with _____. - correct answer ✔a) Digital
b) Analog
What is a Signal when plotting points? - correct answer ✔signal is a quantity that changes over time.
ex. height curve
What is a sampling frequency? why is it important? - correct answer ✔Sampling frequency is how often
you decide to measure your data. It is important to choose an appropriate scale to measure your data or
else the information can be mis leading. Ex. if the sampling frequency of a continuous data is too large,
then the data will not seem continuous it will look visibly discrete.
What is sampling frequency measured by? - correct answer ✔Hz (how many times something occurs in
1 second.
1 time/s = 1Hz
10 times/s = 10Hz
every 60 days= 193 nano seconds
, Do computers with high precision (modern computers) show more discrete or less discrete graphs? -
correct answer ✔less discrete
Why is binary code (0-1) used for computers instead of decimal codes (0-9)? - correct answer ✔binary
code is easier to interpret, cheaper to create parts for and simpler than decimal.
How many bits in a byte? How many different codes can be communicated from 1 byte? - correct
answer ✔a) 8 bits in a byte
b)2^8= 256 (0-255)
2^k, where k= number of options
If we used 4 light switches with 3 options of light intensity, how many messages can we communicate? -
correct answer ✔3^4 = 81 different messages
Explain how digital information (binary code) is on physical media. Ex. floppy disk/ hard drives, USB, CDs
- correct answer ✔floppy disks/ hard drives: are magnetized or non magnetized
USBs/SD cards: use static electricity (is there static electricity or not)
CDs/Blue Rays: have pits and light gets reflected off of the pits and bumps. The pits are non reflect light
(0) and bumps are reflective (1).
What is a nibble? - correct answer ✔A group of 4 bits.
How many data does each media form contain?
essay
song
movie - correct answer ✔essay- kilobyte (thousand bytes)
song- megabyte (million of bytes)
movie- gigabyte (billion of bytes)
answers already passed 2025/2026
What are integers? - correct answer ✔whole numbers (-1, 0, 1)
What are rational and irrational numbers? - correct answer ✔rational - any number that is whole, or
decimal that can be made into a fraction
irrational- any number that can not be made into a fraction (pi, square root 8).
what are real numbers? - correct answer ✔real numbers include all numbers: integer, rational and
irrational
what is 10^-3 and 10^5 - correct answer ✔1. 0.001
2. 100000
Difference between discrete and continuous numbers. Give 2 examples of each. - correct answer
✔Continuous numbers are smooth flowing and they have infinite number of values in between each
point. (your height over time, your weight over time)
Discrete values jump from one value to the next. (ex. how many students in a class room, your height
plotted on a digital graph.
What is discretization? Are most physical phenomena discrete or continuous? - correct answer
✔converting or rounding continuous properties into discrete values.
Most physical phenomenas like growing, distance and time are all continuous properties that have been
discretized.
,Where did the term digital come from? What does digital mean now? - correct answer ✔Digital came
from the term fingers (anything that was countable) and now digital means anything related to
computers now.
is digital data
a) continuous
b) discrete - correct answer ✔b) discrete
Discrete is interchangeable with _____ and
Continuous is interchangeable with _____. - correct answer ✔a) Digital
b) Analog
What is a Signal when plotting points? - correct answer ✔signal is a quantity that changes over time.
ex. height curve
What is a sampling frequency? why is it important? - correct answer ✔Sampling frequency is how often
you decide to measure your data. It is important to choose an appropriate scale to measure your data or
else the information can be mis leading. Ex. if the sampling frequency of a continuous data is too large,
then the data will not seem continuous it will look visibly discrete.
What is sampling frequency measured by? - correct answer ✔Hz (how many times something occurs in
1 second.
1 time/s = 1Hz
10 times/s = 10Hz
every 60 days= 193 nano seconds
, Do computers with high precision (modern computers) show more discrete or less discrete graphs? -
correct answer ✔less discrete
Why is binary code (0-1) used for computers instead of decimal codes (0-9)? - correct answer ✔binary
code is easier to interpret, cheaper to create parts for and simpler than decimal.
How many bits in a byte? How many different codes can be communicated from 1 byte? - correct
answer ✔a) 8 bits in a byte
b)2^8= 256 (0-255)
2^k, where k= number of options
If we used 4 light switches with 3 options of light intensity, how many messages can we communicate? -
correct answer ✔3^4 = 81 different messages
Explain how digital information (binary code) is on physical media. Ex. floppy disk/ hard drives, USB, CDs
- correct answer ✔floppy disks/ hard drives: are magnetized or non magnetized
USBs/SD cards: use static electricity (is there static electricity or not)
CDs/Blue Rays: have pits and light gets reflected off of the pits and bumps. The pits are non reflect light
(0) and bumps are reflective (1).
What is a nibble? - correct answer ✔A group of 4 bits.
How many data does each media form contain?
essay
song
movie - correct answer ✔essay- kilobyte (thousand bytes)
song- megabyte (million of bytes)
movie- gigabyte (billion of bytes)
