CHAPTER 27 - VITAMINS, TRACE ELEMENTS, AND NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

CHAPTER 27 - VITAMINS, TRACE
ELEMENTS, AND NUTRITIONAL
ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
WhichA2oneA2ofA2theA2followingA2statementsA2concerningA2folicA2acidA2isA2correct?

a.A2FolicA2acidA2isA2aA2componentA2ofA2coenzymeA2AA2andA2isA2requiredA2forA2fatA2metabol
ism.
b.A2FolicA2acidA2actsA2asA2aA2hormoneA2inA2calciumA2regulation.
c.A2FolicA2acidA2deficiencyA2resultsA2inA2megaloblasticA2anemia.
d.A2OneA2formA2ofA2folicA2acidA2isA2referredA2toA2asA2pyridoxalA2phosphate.A2-A2Ans--
ANS:A2C
MegaloblasticA2anemiaA2(characterizedA2byA2large,A2abnormallyA2nucleatedA2erythrocytes
A2inA2theA2boneA2marrow)A2isA2theA2majorA2clinicalA2manifestationA2ofA2folateA2deficiency,A2
althoughA2sensoryA2lossA2andA2neuropsychiatricA2changesA2mayA2alsoA2occur.

DeficiencyA2ofA2whichA2ofA2theA2followingA2vitaminsA2willA2resultA2inA2decreasedA2hemeA2s
ynthesis?

a.A2Niacin
b.A2Thiamine
c.A2PyridoxalA2phosphateA2(PLP)
d.A2RiboflavinA2-A2Ans--ANS:A2C
TheA2biosynthesisA2ofA2hemeA2dependsA2onA2theA2earlyA2formationA2ofA25A2aminolevulinat
eA2fromA2PLP-dependentA2condensationA2ofA2glycineA2andA2succinyl-
CoAA2followedA2byA2decarboxylation.

WhichA2oneA2ofA2theA2followingA2vitaminsA2willA2aidA2inA2theA2absorptionA2ofA2ironA2byA2the
A2intestine?


a.A2C
b.A2B12
c.A2A
d.A2DA2-A2Ans--ANS:A2A
AscorbicA2acidA2actsA2asA2aA2cofactorA2forA2aA2numberA2ofA2mixedA2functionA2oxidasesA2in
A2processesA2inA2whichA2itA2promotesA2enzymeA2activityA2byA2maintainingA2metalA2ionsA2in
A2theirA2reducedA2form,A2particularlyA2ironA2andA2copper.


AbsorptionA2ofA2vitaminA2B12A2requiresA2theA2presenceA2of:

a.A2intrinsicA2factor.

, b.A2vitaminA2C.
c.A2insulin.
d.A2folicA2acid.A2-A2Ans--ANS:A2A
VitaminA2B12A2bindsA2toA2intrinsicA2factorA2(IF),A2aA2glycoproteinA2withA2aA2molecularA2wei
ghtA2ofA2approximatelyA250A2kDa,A2whichA2isA2producedA2byA2theA2gastricA2mucosa.A2Whe
nA2theA2vitaminA2B12-IF
complexA2reachesA2theA2distalA2ileum,A2itA2isA2boundA2byA2receptorsA2onA2theA2surfaceA2of
A2mucosalA2epithelialA2cellsA2andA2thenA2entersA2theA2cells.


WhichA2vitaminA2isA2givenA2toA2aA2newbornA2withinA2minutesA2ofA2birth?

a.A2D
b.A2B12
c.A2A
d.A2KA2-A2Ans--ANS:A2D
HemorrhagicA2diseaseA2ofA2theA2newbornA2conditionA2isA2preventedA2byA2theA2prophylacti
cA2administrationA2ofA20.5A2toA21.0A2mgA2ofA2phylloquinoneA2intramuscularly,A2orA22.0A2mg
A2givenA2orallyA2immediatelyA2afterA2birth.


ScurvyA2isA2associatedA2withA2deficiencyA2ofA2whichA2oneA2ofA2theA2followingA2vitamins?

a.A2A
b.A2C
c.A2B12
d.A2DA2-A2Ans--ANS:A2B
ProtractedA2deficiencyA2ofA2vitaminA2CA2leadsA2toA2theA2classicA2diseaseA2ofA2scurvy.A2Th
eA2lackA2ofA2vitaminA2CA2causesA2anA2inabilityA2toA2formA2adequateA2intercellularA2substan
ceA2inA2connectiveA2tissue;A2itA2isA2reflectedA2inA2swollen,A2tender,A2andA2oftenA2bleedingA
2orA2bruisedA2lociA2atA2jointsA2andA2inA2otherA2areas


WhichA2oneA2ofA2theA2followingA2vitaminsA2wouldA2beA2leastA2affectedA2byA2longA2periodsA
2ofA2fatA2malabsorption?


a.A2A
b.A2E
c.A2D
d.A2CA2-A2Ans--ANS:A2D
VitaminA2C,A2beingA2aA2water-
solubleA2vitamin,A2wouldA2notA2beA2affectedA2byA2fatA2malabsorptionA2syndromes.

TheA2traceA2elementA2thatA2isA2importantA2inA2theA2stabilizationA2ofA2theA2surfaceA2ofA2aA2r
egeneratingA2toothA2is:

a.A2copper.
b.A2boron.
c.A2fluoride.