,Chapter 1; Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation
/f /f /f /f /f /f /f /f
Test Bank
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MULTIPLE CHOICE /f
1. The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of
/ f / f / f / f / f / f / f / f / f
the lungs is known as which of the following?
/ f / f /f / f / f / f / f / f / f
a. External respiration / f
b. Internal respiration /f
c. Spontaneous ventilation / f
d. Mechanical ventilation /f /f
ANS: C /f
The conduction of air in and out of the body is known
/ f / f / f / f / f / f / f / f / f / f / f
as ventilation. Since the question asks for the body’s
/ f /f / f / f / f / f / f / f / f
mechanism, this would be spontaneous ventilation.
/ f /f / f / f / f / f
External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen (O2)
/ f / f /f / f / f / f / f / f
and carbon dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the
/ f / f / f / f /f / f / f / f / f
pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the
/ f / f / f /f / f / f / f
cellular level and involves movement of oxygen from the
/ f / f / f / f / f /f / f / f / f
systemic blood into the cells.
/ f / f / f / f / f
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 /f
2. Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
/f /f /f /f /f /f /f /f
a. Red blood cells and body / f / f / f / f
cells / f
b. Scalenes and trapezius /f /f
muscles /f
c. Alveoli and pulmonary /f /f
capillaries /f
d. External oblique and /f /f
transverse abdominal / f
muscles / f
ANS: C /f
External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and
/ f / f / f / f / f / f / f
carbon dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the
/ f /f / f / f / f / f / f / f
pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the
/ f / f /f / f / f / f / f
cellular level and involves movement of oxygen from the
/ f / f / f / f /f / f / f / f / f
systemic blood into the cells.
/ f / f / f / f / f
Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of
/ f / f / f / f / f / f / f
inspiration. External oblique and transverse abdominal
/f / f / f / f / f / f
muscles are accessory muscles of expiration.
/ f /f / f / f / f / f
, DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 /f
3. The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during
/f /f /f /f /f /f /f
normal spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of the
/f /f /f /f /f /f /f /f /f
following?
/f
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: B /f
During spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure
/ f / f / f / f / f
drops from about -5 cm H2O at end-expiration to
/ f /f / f / f / f / f / f / f / f
about -10 cm H2O at end-inspiration. The graph
/ f / f / f / f /f / f / f / f
depicted for answer B shows that change from -5 cm
/ f / f / f / f / f /f / f / f / f / f
H2O to -10 cm H2O.
/ f / f / f / f / f
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 4 /f
4. During / f spontaneous / f inspiration / f alveolar / f pressure / f (PA) / f is / f about:
.
a. - 1 cm H2O
/f /f /f
b. +1cm H2O
f/ /
f /
f
c. 0 cm H2O
/f /f
d. 5 cm H2O
/f /f
ANS: A /f
-1 cm H2O is
/ f / f / f / f the lowest alveolar pressure will become
/ f / f / f / f / f
during normal
/ f /f / f spontaneous ventilation. During the / f / f / f
exhalation of
/ f / f / f a normal spontaneous breath the alveolar
/f / f / f / f / f
pressure will
/ f / f / f become
+1 cm H2O.
/f /f
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 /f
5. The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is
/ f / f / f / f / f / f / f
known as which of the following?
/ f / f /f /f /f /f
a. Transairway pressure (PTA ) /f /f /f
b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) / f / f
c. Transrespiratory pressure / f
(PTR) / f
, d. Transpulmonary /f /f pressure /f /f (PL)
ANS: D /f
The definition of transpulmonary pressure (PL) is the
/ f / f / f / f / f / f / f
pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation. Transairway
/ f /f / f / f / f / f / f
pressure (PTA
/ f / f
) is the pressure gradient required to produce airflow in
/ f / f / f / f / f / f / f / f / f
the conducting tubes. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) is the
/ f /f / f / f / f / f / f / f
pressure to inflate the lungs and airways during positive
/ f /f / f / f / f / f / f / f / f
pressure ventilation. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) represents
/ f /f / f / f / f / f
the pressure required to expand or contract the lungs
/ f / f /f / f / f / f / f / f / f
and the chest wall at the same time.
/ f / f / f / f / f /f /f /f
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 /f
6. Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway
/ f / f / f / f / f / f
resistance during positive pressure ventilation when the
/ f /f / f / f / f / f / f
proximal airway pressure (PAw) is 35 cm H2O and the
/ f / f /f / f / f / f / f / f / f / f
alveolar pressure (PA) is 5 cm H2O.
/ f / f / f / f / f /f /f
a. 7 cm H2O /f /f
b. 30 cm H2O /f /f
c. 40 cm H2O /f /f
d. 175 cm H2O /f /f
ANS: B /f
The transairway pressure (PTA) is used to calculate the
/ f / f / f / f / f / f / f / f
pressure required to overcome airway resistance during
/ f /f / f / f / f / f / f
mechanical ventilation. This formula is PTA = Paw- PA.
/ f /f / f / f / f / f / f /f / f
DIF: 2 REF: pg. 3 /f
7. The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to
/ f / f / f / f / f / f / f /f /f / f
return to its original form after being stretched or acted
/ f /f / f / f / f / f / f / f / f / f
on by an outside force is which of the following?
/ f / f / f /f / f / f / f / f / f / f
a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous resistance /f
d. Distending pressure /f
/f /f /f /f /f /f /f /f
Test Bank
/f /f
MULTIPLE CHOICE /f
1. The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of
/ f / f / f / f / f / f / f / f / f
the lungs is known as which of the following?
/ f / f /f / f / f / f / f / f / f
a. External respiration / f
b. Internal respiration /f
c. Spontaneous ventilation / f
d. Mechanical ventilation /f /f
ANS: C /f
The conduction of air in and out of the body is known
/ f / f / f / f / f / f / f / f / f / f / f
as ventilation. Since the question asks for the body’s
/ f /f / f / f / f / f / f / f / f
mechanism, this would be spontaneous ventilation.
/ f /f / f / f / f / f
External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen (O2)
/ f / f /f / f / f / f / f / f
and carbon dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the
/ f / f / f / f /f / f / f / f / f
pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the
/ f / f / f /f / f / f / f
cellular level and involves movement of oxygen from the
/ f / f / f / f / f /f / f / f / f
systemic blood into the cells.
/ f / f / f / f / f
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 /f
2. Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
/f /f /f /f /f /f /f /f
a. Red blood cells and body / f / f / f / f
cells / f
b. Scalenes and trapezius /f /f
muscles /f
c. Alveoli and pulmonary /f /f
capillaries /f
d. External oblique and /f /f
transverse abdominal / f
muscles / f
ANS: C /f
External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and
/ f / f / f / f / f / f / f
carbon dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the
/ f /f / f / f / f / f / f / f
pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the
/ f / f /f / f / f / f / f
cellular level and involves movement of oxygen from the
/ f / f / f / f /f / f / f / f / f
systemic blood into the cells.
/ f / f / f / f / f
Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of
/ f / f / f / f / f / f / f
inspiration. External oblique and transverse abdominal
/f / f / f / f / f / f
muscles are accessory muscles of expiration.
/ f /f / f / f / f / f
, DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 /f
3. The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during
/f /f /f /f /f /f /f
normal spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of the
/f /f /f /f /f /f /f /f /f
following?
/f
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: B /f
During spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure
/ f / f / f / f / f
drops from about -5 cm H2O at end-expiration to
/ f /f / f / f / f / f / f / f / f
about -10 cm H2O at end-inspiration. The graph
/ f / f / f / f /f / f / f / f
depicted for answer B shows that change from -5 cm
/ f / f / f / f / f /f / f / f / f / f
H2O to -10 cm H2O.
/ f / f / f / f / f
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 4 /f
4. During / f spontaneous / f inspiration / f alveolar / f pressure / f (PA) / f is / f about:
.
a. - 1 cm H2O
/f /f /f
b. +1cm H2O
f/ /
f /
f
c. 0 cm H2O
/f /f
d. 5 cm H2O
/f /f
ANS: A /f
-1 cm H2O is
/ f / f / f / f the lowest alveolar pressure will become
/ f / f / f / f / f
during normal
/ f /f / f spontaneous ventilation. During the / f / f / f
exhalation of
/ f / f / f a normal spontaneous breath the alveolar
/f / f / f / f / f
pressure will
/ f / f / f become
+1 cm H2O.
/f /f
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 /f
5. The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is
/ f / f / f / f / f / f / f
known as which of the following?
/ f / f /f /f /f /f
a. Transairway pressure (PTA ) /f /f /f
b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) / f / f
c. Transrespiratory pressure / f
(PTR) / f
, d. Transpulmonary /f /f pressure /f /f (PL)
ANS: D /f
The definition of transpulmonary pressure (PL) is the
/ f / f / f / f / f / f / f
pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation. Transairway
/ f /f / f / f / f / f / f
pressure (PTA
/ f / f
) is the pressure gradient required to produce airflow in
/ f / f / f / f / f / f / f / f / f
the conducting tubes. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) is the
/ f /f / f / f / f / f / f / f
pressure to inflate the lungs and airways during positive
/ f /f / f / f / f / f / f / f / f
pressure ventilation. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) represents
/ f /f / f / f / f / f
the pressure required to expand or contract the lungs
/ f / f /f / f / f / f / f / f / f
and the chest wall at the same time.
/ f / f / f / f / f /f /f /f
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 /f
6. Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway
/ f / f / f / f / f / f
resistance during positive pressure ventilation when the
/ f /f / f / f / f / f / f
proximal airway pressure (PAw) is 35 cm H2O and the
/ f / f /f / f / f / f / f / f / f / f
alveolar pressure (PA) is 5 cm H2O.
/ f / f / f / f / f /f /f
a. 7 cm H2O /f /f
b. 30 cm H2O /f /f
c. 40 cm H2O /f /f
d. 175 cm H2O /f /f
ANS: B /f
The transairway pressure (PTA) is used to calculate the
/ f / f / f / f / f / f / f / f
pressure required to overcome airway resistance during
/ f /f / f / f / f / f / f
mechanical ventilation. This formula is PTA = Paw- PA.
/ f /f / f / f / f / f / f /f / f
DIF: 2 REF: pg. 3 /f
7. The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to
/ f / f / f / f / f / f / f /f /f / f
return to its original form after being stretched or acted
/ f /f / f / f / f / f / f / f / f / f
on by an outside force is which of the following?
/ f / f / f /f / f / f / f / f / f / f
a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous resistance /f
d. Distending pressure /f
