Pale of Settlement - ANSWER The area in the western part of the Russian Empire in
which Russian Jews were allowed to live from 1835-1917.
Tatars - ANSWER Mongols who conquered Russian cities during the 13th century; left
Russian church and aristocracy intact.
Peasantry - ANSWER Rural peoples, usually on the lowest rung of society's ladder, who
provide urban inhabitants with farm products but have little access to wealth or political
power.
Peasant commune/Mir/Obshchina - ANSWER were peasant village communities as
opposed to individual farmsteads, or khutors, in Imperial Russia. Composed of serfs too.
Autocracy - ANSWER A system of government in which the power to rule is in the
hands of a single individual
Intelligentsia - ANSWER In pre-Revolutionary (1917) Russia, the term intelligentsiya
identified and described the status class of university-educated people whose cultural
capital — schooling, education, and intellectual enlightenment — allowed them to assume
the moral initiative and the practical leadership required in the national, regional, and local
politics of Russia.
Populism/Narodniki - ANSWER a 19th-century socialist movement in Russia who
believed that political propaganda among the peasantry would lead to the awakening of the
masses and, through their influence, to the liberalization of the tsarist regime. Because
Russia was a predominantly agricultural country, the peasants represented the majority of
the people (narod): hence the name of the movement, narodnichestvo, or "populism."
1
, Bloody Sunday - ANSWER the series of events on Sunday, 22 January 1905 in St
Petersburg, Russia, when unarmed demonstrators, led by Father Georgy Gapon, were fired
upon by soldiers of the Imperial Guard as they marched towards the Winter Palace to
present a petition to Tsar Nicholas II of Russia.
Bloody Sunday caused grave consequences for the Tsarist autocracy governing Imperial
Russia: the events in St. Petersburg provoked public outrage and a series of massive strikes
that spread quickly to the industrial centres of the Russian Empire. The massacre on Bloody
Sunday is considered to be the start of the active phase of the Revolution of 1905.
Soviets - ANSWER A Russian council composed of representatives from the workers
and soldiers.
"What Is To Be Done?" (Lenin) - ANSWER a pamphlet published in 1902 Lenin said that
the article represented "a skeleton plan to be developed in greater detail in a pamphlet now
in preparation for print".
October Manifesto - ANSWER (1905), issued by Nich. II, attempted to quiet strikes,
local revolts, promised freedom of speech and assembly, called the Duma into session
Stolypin reforms - ANSWER Russian minister who introduced reforms intended to
placate the peasantry after the Revolution of 1905; included reduction of land redemption
payments and an attempt to create a market-oriented peasantry.
February Revolution - ANSWER the revolution against the Czarist government which
led to the abdication of Nicholas II and the creation of a provisional government in March
1917
Dual power - ANSWER A term referring to the two governments that Russia had
following the February Revolution—the provisional government and the Petrograd Soviet.
2
which Russian Jews were allowed to live from 1835-1917.
Tatars - ANSWER Mongols who conquered Russian cities during the 13th century; left
Russian church and aristocracy intact.
Peasantry - ANSWER Rural peoples, usually on the lowest rung of society's ladder, who
provide urban inhabitants with farm products but have little access to wealth or political
power.
Peasant commune/Mir/Obshchina - ANSWER were peasant village communities as
opposed to individual farmsteads, or khutors, in Imperial Russia. Composed of serfs too.
Autocracy - ANSWER A system of government in which the power to rule is in the
hands of a single individual
Intelligentsia - ANSWER In pre-Revolutionary (1917) Russia, the term intelligentsiya
identified and described the status class of university-educated people whose cultural
capital — schooling, education, and intellectual enlightenment — allowed them to assume
the moral initiative and the practical leadership required in the national, regional, and local
politics of Russia.
Populism/Narodniki - ANSWER a 19th-century socialist movement in Russia who
believed that political propaganda among the peasantry would lead to the awakening of the
masses and, through their influence, to the liberalization of the tsarist regime. Because
Russia was a predominantly agricultural country, the peasants represented the majority of
the people (narod): hence the name of the movement, narodnichestvo, or "populism."
1
, Bloody Sunday - ANSWER the series of events on Sunday, 22 January 1905 in St
Petersburg, Russia, when unarmed demonstrators, led by Father Georgy Gapon, were fired
upon by soldiers of the Imperial Guard as they marched towards the Winter Palace to
present a petition to Tsar Nicholas II of Russia.
Bloody Sunday caused grave consequences for the Tsarist autocracy governing Imperial
Russia: the events in St. Petersburg provoked public outrage and a series of massive strikes
that spread quickly to the industrial centres of the Russian Empire. The massacre on Bloody
Sunday is considered to be the start of the active phase of the Revolution of 1905.
Soviets - ANSWER A Russian council composed of representatives from the workers
and soldiers.
"What Is To Be Done?" (Lenin) - ANSWER a pamphlet published in 1902 Lenin said that
the article represented "a skeleton plan to be developed in greater detail in a pamphlet now
in preparation for print".
October Manifesto - ANSWER (1905), issued by Nich. II, attempted to quiet strikes,
local revolts, promised freedom of speech and assembly, called the Duma into session
Stolypin reforms - ANSWER Russian minister who introduced reforms intended to
placate the peasantry after the Revolution of 1905; included reduction of land redemption
payments and an attempt to create a market-oriented peasantry.
February Revolution - ANSWER the revolution against the Czarist government which
led to the abdication of Nicholas II and the creation of a provisional government in March
1917
Dual power - ANSWER A term referring to the two governments that Russia had
following the February Revolution—the provisional government and the Petrograd Soviet.
2
