PHYL 1001 - Test 1 Review Exam
Questions With Correct Answers
What |is |the |ECF |and |where |is |it |found |in |the |body? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Extracellular |
fluid, |found |outside |of |cells
What |is |the |ICF |and |where |is |it |found |in |the |body? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Intracellular |fluid, |
found |inside |cells
What |are |the |two |components |of |the |ECF? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-interstitial |fluid |and |blood
|plasma
What |cells |are |not |totally |surrounded |by |ECF? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Skin |cells
What |organs/ |organ |systems |have |their |own |internal |environment? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
digestive |system, |respiratory |system, |urinary |system |and |reproductive |system.
What |is |the |goal |of |homeostasis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-maintain |a |stable |internal |
environment |(ECF |stability)
What |is |a |negative |feedback |loop? |Provide |an |example |of |a |bodily |function |that |works |as |a |
negative |feedback |loop. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |negative |feedback |loop |aims |to |restore |
homeostasis |from |a |stimulus. |Action |stops |when |homeostasis |is |regained. |Ex. |Body |
temperature |regulation.
What |are |the |7 |stages |in |a |negative |feedback |loop? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |Stimulus |
(change |for |normal |condition) |
,2. |Sensor |(body |notices |change) |
3. |Input |signal |(organ |system/brain |is |notified |about |changes) |
4. |Integrating |centre |(brain/organ |system |prepares |to |cause |a |change |to |regain |homeostasis) |
5. |Output |signal |(signal |to |change |has |been |sent |to |organ |system/area |responsible |for |
homeostasis) |
6. |Target |(homeostatic |function |is |activated) |
7. |Response |(homeostasis |is |achieved |by |bodies |response)
What |is |feedforward |control? |Provide |and |example. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |mechanism |to |
anticipate |change |and |respond |in |a |way |that |minimizes |the |effects |of |the |change. |Ex. |insulin |
release |before |a |large |meal |to |decrease |the |large |spike |in |blood |sugar.
What |is |a |positive |feedback |loop? |Provide |an |example. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |positive |
feedback |loop |aims |to |increase |the |change |in |a |body |system |(does |not |achieve |homeostasis) |
which |requires |an |outside |factor |to |turn |the |cycle |off. |Ex. |Hormone |release |during |birth.
What |are |the |three |steps |in |a |positive |feedback |loop? |How |is |the |loop |turned |off? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-1. |Initial |stimulus |
2. |Response |
3. |Increase |in |stimulus |release |
This |loop |can |be |turned |off |by |outside |factors |(ex. |oxytocin |release |stops |once |baby |is |
delivered |because |cervical |stretching |is |no |longer |required)
Local |Control |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Local |response |that |is |isolates |to |one |tissue. |Ex. |biceps |
lacking |oxygen, |the |blood |vessels |will |only |supply |excess |oxygen |to |the |bicep |instead |of |every |
muscle |in |the |body.
Reflex |/ |long |distance |control |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |systemic |response |throughout |the |
body |via |the |nervous |or |endocrine |system. |Ex. |Increased |blood |pressure |required |brain |to |
signal |heart |to |decrease |cardiac |output.
, What |is |the |main |difference |between |local |and |long |distance |signalling? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-Long |distance |signalling |requires |the |stimulus |to |activate |an |integration |centre |
(ex. |the |brain) |before |a |response |occurs. |Local |signalling |does |not |require |an |integration |
centre |so |the |response |comes |directly |from |the |stimulus.
What |is |the |purpose |of |the |plasma |membrane? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Provide |physical |
isolation |of |inner |cellular |components, |exchange |regulation, |communication |and |structural |
support.
What |is |the |main |role |of |the |mitochondria? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ATP |synthesis
What |happens |in |the |Golgi |and |vesicles? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Post |translational |protein |
modifications |and |protein |packing
What |happens |in |the |smooth |ER? |What |happens |in |the |rough |ER? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
Smooth: |lipid |biosynthesis |and |calcium |storage |
Rough: |protein |synthesis
What |happens |in |the |nucleus? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-DNA |storage, |transcription |(slides |say |
protein |synthesis |but |thats |not |actually |true |--> |translation |happens |in |the |cytosol)
What |makes |the |rough |ER |rough? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Ribosomes
What |do |peroxisomes |and |lysosomes |do? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-peroxisomes: |FA |and |toxin |
breakdown |
lysosomes: |organelle |and |bacterial |breakdown
Questions With Correct Answers
What |is |the |ECF |and |where |is |it |found |in |the |body? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Extracellular |
fluid, |found |outside |of |cells
What |is |the |ICF |and |where |is |it |found |in |the |body? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Intracellular |fluid, |
found |inside |cells
What |are |the |two |components |of |the |ECF? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-interstitial |fluid |and |blood
|plasma
What |cells |are |not |totally |surrounded |by |ECF? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Skin |cells
What |organs/ |organ |systems |have |their |own |internal |environment? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
digestive |system, |respiratory |system, |urinary |system |and |reproductive |system.
What |is |the |goal |of |homeostasis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-maintain |a |stable |internal |
environment |(ECF |stability)
What |is |a |negative |feedback |loop? |Provide |an |example |of |a |bodily |function |that |works |as |a |
negative |feedback |loop. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |negative |feedback |loop |aims |to |restore |
homeostasis |from |a |stimulus. |Action |stops |when |homeostasis |is |regained. |Ex. |Body |
temperature |regulation.
What |are |the |7 |stages |in |a |negative |feedback |loop? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |Stimulus |
(change |for |normal |condition) |
,2. |Sensor |(body |notices |change) |
3. |Input |signal |(organ |system/brain |is |notified |about |changes) |
4. |Integrating |centre |(brain/organ |system |prepares |to |cause |a |change |to |regain |homeostasis) |
5. |Output |signal |(signal |to |change |has |been |sent |to |organ |system/area |responsible |for |
homeostasis) |
6. |Target |(homeostatic |function |is |activated) |
7. |Response |(homeostasis |is |achieved |by |bodies |response)
What |is |feedforward |control? |Provide |and |example. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |mechanism |to |
anticipate |change |and |respond |in |a |way |that |minimizes |the |effects |of |the |change. |Ex. |insulin |
release |before |a |large |meal |to |decrease |the |large |spike |in |blood |sugar.
What |is |a |positive |feedback |loop? |Provide |an |example. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |positive |
feedback |loop |aims |to |increase |the |change |in |a |body |system |(does |not |achieve |homeostasis) |
which |requires |an |outside |factor |to |turn |the |cycle |off. |Ex. |Hormone |release |during |birth.
What |are |the |three |steps |in |a |positive |feedback |loop? |How |is |the |loop |turned |off? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-1. |Initial |stimulus |
2. |Response |
3. |Increase |in |stimulus |release |
This |loop |can |be |turned |off |by |outside |factors |(ex. |oxytocin |release |stops |once |baby |is |
delivered |because |cervical |stretching |is |no |longer |required)
Local |Control |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Local |response |that |is |isolates |to |one |tissue. |Ex. |biceps |
lacking |oxygen, |the |blood |vessels |will |only |supply |excess |oxygen |to |the |bicep |instead |of |every |
muscle |in |the |body.
Reflex |/ |long |distance |control |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |systemic |response |throughout |the |
body |via |the |nervous |or |endocrine |system. |Ex. |Increased |blood |pressure |required |brain |to |
signal |heart |to |decrease |cardiac |output.
, What |is |the |main |difference |between |local |and |long |distance |signalling? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-Long |distance |signalling |requires |the |stimulus |to |activate |an |integration |centre |
(ex. |the |brain) |before |a |response |occurs. |Local |signalling |does |not |require |an |integration |
centre |so |the |response |comes |directly |from |the |stimulus.
What |is |the |purpose |of |the |plasma |membrane? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Provide |physical |
isolation |of |inner |cellular |components, |exchange |regulation, |communication |and |structural |
support.
What |is |the |main |role |of |the |mitochondria? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ATP |synthesis
What |happens |in |the |Golgi |and |vesicles? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Post |translational |protein |
modifications |and |protein |packing
What |happens |in |the |smooth |ER? |What |happens |in |the |rough |ER? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
Smooth: |lipid |biosynthesis |and |calcium |storage |
Rough: |protein |synthesis
What |happens |in |the |nucleus? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-DNA |storage, |transcription |(slides |say |
protein |synthesis |but |thats |not |actually |true |--> |translation |happens |in |the |cytosol)
What |makes |the |rough |ER |rough? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Ribosomes
What |do |peroxisomes |and |lysosomes |do? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-peroxisomes: |FA |and |toxin |
breakdown |
lysosomes: |organelle |and |bacterial |breakdown
