1
CELL PHYS Quizzes and Exams Questions
with 100% Correct Answers Latest Versions
2025 A+
Which cytoskeletal filament resists compression forces in
cells
Microtubules
A drug prevents GTP hydrolysis by beta-tubulin. What will
happen to microtubules
Excess stabilization
A treated with Taxol develops peripheral neuropathy. This is
most likely because
Microtubule stability disrupts axonal transport
Which cytoskeletal dysfunction would most impair immune
cell migration to infection sites
Actin dysregulation
Which direction do kinesins generally move cargo along
microtubules
Toward + end of
Which cytoskeletal element is primarily composed of fibrous
proteins twisted into rope-like structures
Intermediate filaments
Which adhesion defect is most associated with blistering
skin disease
Desmosomal cadherin mutation
Why do desmosomes provide stronger tissue integrity than
adherens junctions?
They use intermediate filaments
Which best explains leukocyte rolling along endothelium
,2
Selectin-carbohydrate weak binding
Inflammatory cytokines increase intestinal permeability in
IBD. Which junction is most involved
tight junction
A patient with mutations in connexins would most likely
present with defects in
Communication between cells
Which adhesion protein is calcium-dependent and
hemophilic
Cadherin
Which junction connects actin filaments across adjacent
cells
Adherens junction
Which cadherin-based junction connects intermediate
filaments between cells
desmosome
Which best explains why vitamin c deficiency causes scurvy
decreased collagen synthesis
A mutation in elation is most likely to affect which organ
Skin
How do glycosaminoglycans contribute to ECM hydration
They carry negative charges that attract water
Why does cartilage act like a "stiff water balloon"
Abundant hydrated GAGs
Which ECM molecules connect collagen and GAGs to
integrins?
laminin and fibronectin
Why are hemidesmosomes especially important in skin
epithelium
They connect intermediate filaments to ECM
,3
A researcher blocks MMP activity in a wound model. Which
outcome is most likely
Impaired ECM remodeling and delayed healing
Which ECM protein provides tensile strength
Collagen
During neuronal signaling, rapid axonal transport of vesicles
relies on
microtubules and motor proteins
Which cytoskeletal filament is most important for resisting
shear forces
intermediate filaments
Which level of protein organization if caused by hydrogen
bonding along the backbone
Secondary
Which is a post-translational modification
Phosphorylation
Which diagnostic test probes a tissue slide with antibodies
immunohistochemistry
Which diagnostic assay multiplies signal by linking antibody
binding enzyme activity
ELISA
A horse has a mutation replacing a polar amino acid with a
hydrophobic one in hemoglobin. Which effects is most likely
Protein misfolding/aggregation
Why are hydrophobic side chains important in protein
folding
They drive the collapse into a hydrophobic core
A catalyst increased reaction rate by
Lowering activation energy (Ea)
Km is defined as
Substrate concentration at half-max velocity.
, 4
What is a zymogen
Inactive precursor protein activated by cleavage
A mutation increased Km for glucose in hexokinase. What is
the consequence
Lower affinity, reduced activity at normal glucose
The glucocorticoid receptor remains inactive in cytosol until
ligand binds. This illustrates which regulation
Ligand-induced conformational change
Why do cells regulate metabolism primarily at rate-limiting
steps
Rate-limiting steps control pathway flux efficiently
Which transporter uses sodium to move glucose against its
gradient
SGLT
Which enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step of glycolysis
Phosphofructokinase-1
Which enzyme regenerates NAD+ during anaerobic
glycolysis in mammals
Lactate dehydrogenase
Why does glucokinase (liver) have higher Km than
hexokinase (muscle)
Liver should only take up glucose at high concentrations
A GLUT4 defect would mot impair glucose uptake in
Skeletal muscle
During high-intensity exercise, lactate serves as a fuel for
Heart muscle
Why is the TCA cycle oxygen-dependent even though no
step directly uses O2
O2 is required to oxidize NADH and FADH2
During ischemia succinct accumulates because
Steps 6-8 run backward without O2
CELL PHYS Quizzes and Exams Questions
with 100% Correct Answers Latest Versions
2025 A+
Which cytoskeletal filament resists compression forces in
cells
Microtubules
A drug prevents GTP hydrolysis by beta-tubulin. What will
happen to microtubules
Excess stabilization
A treated with Taxol develops peripheral neuropathy. This is
most likely because
Microtubule stability disrupts axonal transport
Which cytoskeletal dysfunction would most impair immune
cell migration to infection sites
Actin dysregulation
Which direction do kinesins generally move cargo along
microtubules
Toward + end of
Which cytoskeletal element is primarily composed of fibrous
proteins twisted into rope-like structures
Intermediate filaments
Which adhesion defect is most associated with blistering
skin disease
Desmosomal cadherin mutation
Why do desmosomes provide stronger tissue integrity than
adherens junctions?
They use intermediate filaments
Which best explains leukocyte rolling along endothelium
,2
Selectin-carbohydrate weak binding
Inflammatory cytokines increase intestinal permeability in
IBD. Which junction is most involved
tight junction
A patient with mutations in connexins would most likely
present with defects in
Communication between cells
Which adhesion protein is calcium-dependent and
hemophilic
Cadherin
Which junction connects actin filaments across adjacent
cells
Adherens junction
Which cadherin-based junction connects intermediate
filaments between cells
desmosome
Which best explains why vitamin c deficiency causes scurvy
decreased collagen synthesis
A mutation in elation is most likely to affect which organ
Skin
How do glycosaminoglycans contribute to ECM hydration
They carry negative charges that attract water
Why does cartilage act like a "stiff water balloon"
Abundant hydrated GAGs
Which ECM molecules connect collagen and GAGs to
integrins?
laminin and fibronectin
Why are hemidesmosomes especially important in skin
epithelium
They connect intermediate filaments to ECM
,3
A researcher blocks MMP activity in a wound model. Which
outcome is most likely
Impaired ECM remodeling and delayed healing
Which ECM protein provides tensile strength
Collagen
During neuronal signaling, rapid axonal transport of vesicles
relies on
microtubules and motor proteins
Which cytoskeletal filament is most important for resisting
shear forces
intermediate filaments
Which level of protein organization if caused by hydrogen
bonding along the backbone
Secondary
Which is a post-translational modification
Phosphorylation
Which diagnostic test probes a tissue slide with antibodies
immunohistochemistry
Which diagnostic assay multiplies signal by linking antibody
binding enzyme activity
ELISA
A horse has a mutation replacing a polar amino acid with a
hydrophobic one in hemoglobin. Which effects is most likely
Protein misfolding/aggregation
Why are hydrophobic side chains important in protein
folding
They drive the collapse into a hydrophobic core
A catalyst increased reaction rate by
Lowering activation energy (Ea)
Km is defined as
Substrate concentration at half-max velocity.
, 4
What is a zymogen
Inactive precursor protein activated by cleavage
A mutation increased Km for glucose in hexokinase. What is
the consequence
Lower affinity, reduced activity at normal glucose
The glucocorticoid receptor remains inactive in cytosol until
ligand binds. This illustrates which regulation
Ligand-induced conformational change
Why do cells regulate metabolism primarily at rate-limiting
steps
Rate-limiting steps control pathway flux efficiently
Which transporter uses sodium to move glucose against its
gradient
SGLT
Which enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step of glycolysis
Phosphofructokinase-1
Which enzyme regenerates NAD+ during anaerobic
glycolysis in mammals
Lactate dehydrogenase
Why does glucokinase (liver) have higher Km than
hexokinase (muscle)
Liver should only take up glucose at high concentrations
A GLUT4 defect would mot impair glucose uptake in
Skeletal muscle
During high-intensity exercise, lactate serves as a fuel for
Heart muscle
Why is the TCA cycle oxygen-dependent even though no
step directly uses O2
O2 is required to oxidize NADH and FADH2
During ischemia succinct accumulates because
Steps 6-8 run backward without O2
