NHM 365 Final Exam questions with
100% correct answers 2025/2026
ESLD (End Stage Liver Disease) - correct answer ✔✔Can be caused by other diseases
Diagnosed when the liver is severely and irreversible damaged
Major complication: *hepatic encephalopathy*
Others:
-*portal HTN*
-*ascites*
Hepatic Steatosis (fatty liver) - correct answer ✔✔3 Stage of alcoholic liver disease:
Reversible
Alcoholic Hepatitis - correct answer ✔✔3 Stage of alcoholic liver disease:
Hepatomegaly, increased bilirubin or transaminase levels, abdominal pain, N/V/D, weight loss-
MAY resolve with discontinuation of ETOH intake
Cirrhosis - correct answer ✔✔3 Stage of alcoholic liver disease:
Diffuse, fibrous scar tissue. *Irreversible* damge
Portal Hypertension - correct answer ✔✔Increase blood pressure in the portal venous system
Ascites - correct answer ✔✔Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneum caused by increase
pressure from portal HTN and decreased hepatic albumin production
, Wernickes Encephalopathy - correct answer ✔✔Caused by *thiamin* deficiency
Common in alcoholics
Reversible
Gallbladder - correct answer ✔✔Concentrate, store & excrete bile
Bile - correct answer ✔✔Cholesterol + Bilirubin + Bile Salts
-Primary excretion route for bilirubin, copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn)
Bilary Dyskinesa - correct answer ✔✔Spasm of Sphincter of Oddi prevents bile release
Cholelithiasis - correct answer ✔✔Gallstones
-Risk factors: obesity, rapid weight loss, pregnancy, DM
Choledocholithiasis - correct answer ✔✔Bile duct obstruction by a stone; abdominal pain &
cramping
Cholecystitis - correct answer ✔✔Total obstruction of bile with gall bladder inflammation or
blockage by gallstones
Inflamed gallbladder
Cholestasis - correct answer ✔✔Sludge build-up in gall bladder
Acute - correct answer ✔✔______ cholecystitis may need NPO to stop gallbladder contractions.
-PN indicated if pt is malnourished or NPO will be long-term.
-Resume feeding with a low-fat diet (30-45 g/fat/day).
100% correct answers 2025/2026
ESLD (End Stage Liver Disease) - correct answer ✔✔Can be caused by other diseases
Diagnosed when the liver is severely and irreversible damaged
Major complication: *hepatic encephalopathy*
Others:
-*portal HTN*
-*ascites*
Hepatic Steatosis (fatty liver) - correct answer ✔✔3 Stage of alcoholic liver disease:
Reversible
Alcoholic Hepatitis - correct answer ✔✔3 Stage of alcoholic liver disease:
Hepatomegaly, increased bilirubin or transaminase levels, abdominal pain, N/V/D, weight loss-
MAY resolve with discontinuation of ETOH intake
Cirrhosis - correct answer ✔✔3 Stage of alcoholic liver disease:
Diffuse, fibrous scar tissue. *Irreversible* damge
Portal Hypertension - correct answer ✔✔Increase blood pressure in the portal venous system
Ascites - correct answer ✔✔Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneum caused by increase
pressure from portal HTN and decreased hepatic albumin production
, Wernickes Encephalopathy - correct answer ✔✔Caused by *thiamin* deficiency
Common in alcoholics
Reversible
Gallbladder - correct answer ✔✔Concentrate, store & excrete bile
Bile - correct answer ✔✔Cholesterol + Bilirubin + Bile Salts
-Primary excretion route for bilirubin, copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn)
Bilary Dyskinesa - correct answer ✔✔Spasm of Sphincter of Oddi prevents bile release
Cholelithiasis - correct answer ✔✔Gallstones
-Risk factors: obesity, rapid weight loss, pregnancy, DM
Choledocholithiasis - correct answer ✔✔Bile duct obstruction by a stone; abdominal pain &
cramping
Cholecystitis - correct answer ✔✔Total obstruction of bile with gall bladder inflammation or
blockage by gallstones
Inflamed gallbladder
Cholestasis - correct answer ✔✔Sludge build-up in gall bladder
Acute - correct answer ✔✔______ cholecystitis may need NPO to stop gallbladder contractions.
-PN indicated if pt is malnourished or NPO will be long-term.
-Resume feeding with a low-fat diet (30-45 g/fat/day).
