CSA W47.1 and CSA W59 Exam Questions with
100% Correct Answers 2025
.
1. Question: What welding processes are covered in CSA Standard W59?
**Answer**>> SMAW, GMAW, GTAW, MCAW, FCAW, SAW, ESW, EGW,
and SW processes.
**Elaboration**>> CSA W59 outlines requirements for these common
arc welding processes used in steel construction. SMAW (Shielded
Metal Arc Welding) is manual with a coated electrode; GMAW (Gas
Metal Arc Welding) uses a continuous wire with shielding gas; GTAW
(Gas Tungsten Arc Welding) employs a non-consumable tungsten
electrode; MCAW (Metal Cored Arc Welding) is similar to GMAW but
with a tubular wire; FCAW (Flux Cored Arc Welding) uses a flux-filled
wire; SAW (Submerged Arc Welding) involves granular flux; ESW
(Electroslag Welding) and EGW (Electrogas Welding) are for thick
sections; and SW (Stud Welding) is for attaching studs. These processes
ensure versatility for carbon and low-alloy steel welding in both shop
and field environments.
2. Question: What types of structures are covered in CSA Standard
W59?
,**Answer**>> Statically loaded structures and cyclically loaded
(repetitive loading) structures.
**Elaboration**>> CSA W59 applies to welded steel constructions
under static loads (e.g., buildings with constant weight) as per Clause
11, and cyclic loads (e.g., bridges or cranes with repeated stress) as per
Clause 12. This distinction ensures appropriate fatigue resistance and
design considerations, such as higher quality welds for cyclic
applications to prevent crack propagation over time.
3. Question: What is a low-hydrogen electrode?
**Answer**>> An electrode that deposits weld metal with a specified
maximum limit of diffusible hydrogen.
**Elaboration**>> Low-hydrogen electrodes (e.g., E4918 or E4928)
minimize hydrogen absorption in the weld metal, reducing risks like
hydrogen-induced cracking (cold cracking) in high-strength steels.
Diffusible hydrogen can lead to embrittlement, so these electrodes are
baked or packaged to control moisture, often required in prequalified
procedures under Clause 5 of W59 for critical applications.
4. Question: What are the requirements for contractor certification
under CSA W59?
**Answer**>> Contractors must be certified to CSA W47.1 when
mandated by contract or governing design standard; otherwise, they
can demonstrate competence to the engineer.
,**Elaboration**>> Certification under W47.1 ensures companies have
qualified personnel, procedures, and quality controls for fusion welding.
If not required, fabricators provide evidence like past projects or audits.
This flexibility allows for case-by-case approval but maintains safety,
especially in regulated sectors like bridges or pressure vessels.
5. Question: Does CSA Standard W59 contain provisions for prequalified
joints?
**Answer**>> Yes, Clause 10 details the geometry of prequalified
joints.
**Elaboration**>> Prequalified joints in W59 (e.g., specific groove
angles, root openings) don't require separate qualification testing if
welding procedures match, saving time and cost. This applies provided
parameters like base metal, filler, and positions align, promoting
efficiency while ensuring joint integrity per engineering standards.
6. Question: What is the definition of a welding supervisor in CSA
W47.1?
**Answer**>> The company's designated person(s) directly responsible
for ensuring that qualified tack welders, welders, and welding operators
weld in accordance with approved or accepted welding procedure data
sheets in the shop and the field.
**Elaboration**>> The supervisor oversees compliance, training, and
quality, acting as a key link between management and welders. They
, must have relevant experience or certification, ensuring welds meet
W59 requirements to avoid defects like lack of fusion or porosity.
7. Question: What are the types of welds as specified in CSA Standard
W59?
**Answer**>> Groove, fillet, plug, or slot welds.
**Elaboration**>> Groove welds join edges with full or partial
penetration; fillet welds are triangular in lap or T-joints; plug welds fill
holes in overlapping plates; slot welds are elongated plugs. Each has
specific acceptance criteria in W59 (e.g., Clause 7 for visual inspection)
to ensure structural soundness.
8. Question: What is a complete joint penetration (CJP) groove weld?
**Answer**>> A groove weld with complete penetration and fusion of
weld and base metal throughout the thickness of the joint.
**Elaboration**>> CJP ensures maximum strength, critical for load-
bearing joints. It's achieved by backgouging or single-sided welding with
backing, inspected via UT or RT per W59 Clause 8, contrasting with
partial penetration welds for less demanding applications.
9. Question: Does CSA Standard W59 allow for the use of intermittent
groove welds?
**Answer**>> No, groove welds must be continuous for the full length
of the joint or as otherwise permitted by the engineer.
100% Correct Answers 2025
.
1. Question: What welding processes are covered in CSA Standard W59?
**Answer**>> SMAW, GMAW, GTAW, MCAW, FCAW, SAW, ESW, EGW,
and SW processes.
**Elaboration**>> CSA W59 outlines requirements for these common
arc welding processes used in steel construction. SMAW (Shielded
Metal Arc Welding) is manual with a coated electrode; GMAW (Gas
Metal Arc Welding) uses a continuous wire with shielding gas; GTAW
(Gas Tungsten Arc Welding) employs a non-consumable tungsten
electrode; MCAW (Metal Cored Arc Welding) is similar to GMAW but
with a tubular wire; FCAW (Flux Cored Arc Welding) uses a flux-filled
wire; SAW (Submerged Arc Welding) involves granular flux; ESW
(Electroslag Welding) and EGW (Electrogas Welding) are for thick
sections; and SW (Stud Welding) is for attaching studs. These processes
ensure versatility for carbon and low-alloy steel welding in both shop
and field environments.
2. Question: What types of structures are covered in CSA Standard
W59?
,**Answer**>> Statically loaded structures and cyclically loaded
(repetitive loading) structures.
**Elaboration**>> CSA W59 applies to welded steel constructions
under static loads (e.g., buildings with constant weight) as per Clause
11, and cyclic loads (e.g., bridges or cranes with repeated stress) as per
Clause 12. This distinction ensures appropriate fatigue resistance and
design considerations, such as higher quality welds for cyclic
applications to prevent crack propagation over time.
3. Question: What is a low-hydrogen electrode?
**Answer**>> An electrode that deposits weld metal with a specified
maximum limit of diffusible hydrogen.
**Elaboration**>> Low-hydrogen electrodes (e.g., E4918 or E4928)
minimize hydrogen absorption in the weld metal, reducing risks like
hydrogen-induced cracking (cold cracking) in high-strength steels.
Diffusible hydrogen can lead to embrittlement, so these electrodes are
baked or packaged to control moisture, often required in prequalified
procedures under Clause 5 of W59 for critical applications.
4. Question: What are the requirements for contractor certification
under CSA W59?
**Answer**>> Contractors must be certified to CSA W47.1 when
mandated by contract or governing design standard; otherwise, they
can demonstrate competence to the engineer.
,**Elaboration**>> Certification under W47.1 ensures companies have
qualified personnel, procedures, and quality controls for fusion welding.
If not required, fabricators provide evidence like past projects or audits.
This flexibility allows for case-by-case approval but maintains safety,
especially in regulated sectors like bridges or pressure vessels.
5. Question: Does CSA Standard W59 contain provisions for prequalified
joints?
**Answer**>> Yes, Clause 10 details the geometry of prequalified
joints.
**Elaboration**>> Prequalified joints in W59 (e.g., specific groove
angles, root openings) don't require separate qualification testing if
welding procedures match, saving time and cost. This applies provided
parameters like base metal, filler, and positions align, promoting
efficiency while ensuring joint integrity per engineering standards.
6. Question: What is the definition of a welding supervisor in CSA
W47.1?
**Answer**>> The company's designated person(s) directly responsible
for ensuring that qualified tack welders, welders, and welding operators
weld in accordance with approved or accepted welding procedure data
sheets in the shop and the field.
**Elaboration**>> The supervisor oversees compliance, training, and
quality, acting as a key link between management and welders. They
, must have relevant experience or certification, ensuring welds meet
W59 requirements to avoid defects like lack of fusion or porosity.
7. Question: What are the types of welds as specified in CSA Standard
W59?
**Answer**>> Groove, fillet, plug, or slot welds.
**Elaboration**>> Groove welds join edges with full or partial
penetration; fillet welds are triangular in lap or T-joints; plug welds fill
holes in overlapping plates; slot welds are elongated plugs. Each has
specific acceptance criteria in W59 (e.g., Clause 7 for visual inspection)
to ensure structural soundness.
8. Question: What is a complete joint penetration (CJP) groove weld?
**Answer**>> A groove weld with complete penetration and fusion of
weld and base metal throughout the thickness of the joint.
**Elaboration**>> CJP ensures maximum strength, critical for load-
bearing joints. It's achieved by backgouging or single-sided welding with
backing, inspected via UT or RT per W59 Clause 8, contrasting with
partial penetration welds for less demanding applications.
9. Question: Does CSA Standard W59 allow for the use of intermittent
groove welds?
**Answer**>> No, groove welds must be continuous for the full length
of the joint or as otherwise permitted by the engineer.
