LECOM MS1 ANATOMY EXAM 3:
HEAD AND NECK QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Retropharyngeal Abscess - Correct Answers -Infection between the cervical vertebrae
and the pharyngeal wall
In what population does retropharyngeal abscesses occur most often? - Correct
Answers -Under 6 years old and Immunocompromised adults (HIV+, AIDS)
Symptoms of a retropharyngeal abscess - Correct Answers -Fever, sore throat,
dysphagia, odynophagia, neck/back pain
Torticollis - Correct Answers -Head tilt due to shortening/spasming of the SCM
Types of torticollis - Correct Answers -Congenital (shortening) and infection/disease
(spasm)
Subclavian artery anastomoses - Correct Answers -Cirumflex scapular,
Thoracoacromial (CPAD), Transverse scapular, and deep transverse cervical
Subclavian Venipuncture - Correct Answers -Used for the placement of a central line
(gains access to the venous network)
Where is a subclavian venipuncture performed - Correct Answers -Into the subclavian
vein at the first rib
Location of CN IV - Correct Answers -Just posterior and lateral to CN III
Very small and located within the dural folds
CN IV damage - Correct Answers -Stroke (midbrain), sub-arachnoid space (long
course), cavernous sinus, orbit
Symptoms of CN IV - Correct Answers -Vertical diplopia (misalignment of the eyes,
resulting in blurry vision)
Hypertrophic and extorted eye (twisted)
, What are some complications with subclavian venipuncture? - Correct Answers -
Hemiparalysis of the diaphragm (phrenic nerve injury)
Puncture of the subclavian artery (run together)
Pneumo/hemothorax (puncturing of the cupula)
Distention of the External Jugular Vein - Correct Answers -Valsalva maneuver, CHF,
SVC obstruction, enlarged supraclavicular nodes, tricuspid stenosis/regurgitation
Shanking of the EJV - Correct Answers -Held open due to the fascia that surrounds the
vein
Jugular Body - Correct Answers -Similar to the carotid body (measures chemical
composition in the vein); Located in the jugular foramen
Pulsations of the IJV - Correct Answers -Caused by mitral valve disease or right
ventricular failure
Phrenic Nerve Levels - Correct Answers -C3-C5
Phrenic Nerve Location in the neck - Correct Answers -Along the anterior scalene
muscle (anterior surface)
Nerve block of the Cervical Plexus - Correct Answers -Anesthesia injected along the
middle 1/3 of the SCM at the nerve point
Nerves affected by Nerve Block of Cervical Plexus - Correct Answers -Cutaneous
Branches of C1-C4
Great Auricular, Lesser occipital, transverse cervical, supraclavicular nerves
Nerve block of the brachial plexus - Correct Answers -Anesthesia injected above
clavicle at Erb's point (scalene triangle)
Nerve Block of the Stellate Ganglion - Correct Answers -Impacts sympathetic function of
ipsilateral head, neck, and UE
Suprascapular Nerve - Correct Answers -In close contact with the clavicle (innervates
supra and infraspinatus)
Damage to suprascapular nerve - Correct Answers -Weakness in lateral rotation and
initiation of abduction of shoulder
Ligation of ECA - Correct Answers -Controls bleeding during surgery
Anastomoses of ECA - Correct Answers -Midline (facial arteries)
Descending branch of occipital to vertebral/deep cervical/ascending cervical arteries
HEAD AND NECK QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Retropharyngeal Abscess - Correct Answers -Infection between the cervical vertebrae
and the pharyngeal wall
In what population does retropharyngeal abscesses occur most often? - Correct
Answers -Under 6 years old and Immunocompromised adults (HIV+, AIDS)
Symptoms of a retropharyngeal abscess - Correct Answers -Fever, sore throat,
dysphagia, odynophagia, neck/back pain
Torticollis - Correct Answers -Head tilt due to shortening/spasming of the SCM
Types of torticollis - Correct Answers -Congenital (shortening) and infection/disease
(spasm)
Subclavian artery anastomoses - Correct Answers -Cirumflex scapular,
Thoracoacromial (CPAD), Transverse scapular, and deep transverse cervical
Subclavian Venipuncture - Correct Answers -Used for the placement of a central line
(gains access to the venous network)
Where is a subclavian venipuncture performed - Correct Answers -Into the subclavian
vein at the first rib
Location of CN IV - Correct Answers -Just posterior and lateral to CN III
Very small and located within the dural folds
CN IV damage - Correct Answers -Stroke (midbrain), sub-arachnoid space (long
course), cavernous sinus, orbit
Symptoms of CN IV - Correct Answers -Vertical diplopia (misalignment of the eyes,
resulting in blurry vision)
Hypertrophic and extorted eye (twisted)
, What are some complications with subclavian venipuncture? - Correct Answers -
Hemiparalysis of the diaphragm (phrenic nerve injury)
Puncture of the subclavian artery (run together)
Pneumo/hemothorax (puncturing of the cupula)
Distention of the External Jugular Vein - Correct Answers -Valsalva maneuver, CHF,
SVC obstruction, enlarged supraclavicular nodes, tricuspid stenosis/regurgitation
Shanking of the EJV - Correct Answers -Held open due to the fascia that surrounds the
vein
Jugular Body - Correct Answers -Similar to the carotid body (measures chemical
composition in the vein); Located in the jugular foramen
Pulsations of the IJV - Correct Answers -Caused by mitral valve disease or right
ventricular failure
Phrenic Nerve Levels - Correct Answers -C3-C5
Phrenic Nerve Location in the neck - Correct Answers -Along the anterior scalene
muscle (anterior surface)
Nerve block of the Cervical Plexus - Correct Answers -Anesthesia injected along the
middle 1/3 of the SCM at the nerve point
Nerves affected by Nerve Block of Cervical Plexus - Correct Answers -Cutaneous
Branches of C1-C4
Great Auricular, Lesser occipital, transverse cervical, supraclavicular nerves
Nerve block of the brachial plexus - Correct Answers -Anesthesia injected above
clavicle at Erb's point (scalene triangle)
Nerve Block of the Stellate Ganglion - Correct Answers -Impacts sympathetic function of
ipsilateral head, neck, and UE
Suprascapular Nerve - Correct Answers -In close contact with the clavicle (innervates
supra and infraspinatus)
Damage to suprascapular nerve - Correct Answers -Weakness in lateral rotation and
initiation of abduction of shoulder
Ligation of ECA - Correct Answers -Controls bleeding during surgery
Anastomoses of ECA - Correct Answers -Midline (facial arteries)
Descending branch of occipital to vertebral/deep cervical/ascending cervical arteries
