Human Physiology And Anatomy: Endocrine System Test Questions And Correct Answers

HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY:
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM TEST QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
whatA2isA2theA2functionA2ofA2theA2endocrineA2system?A2-A2Ans--
theA2endocrineA2systemsA2oneA2ofA2theA2body'sA2twoA2communicationA2systems:A2itA2actsA
2throughA2hormones,A2whichA2areA2chemicalA2messengers


whatA2kindsA2ofA2processesA2doA2hormonesA2control?A2-A2Ans--
1.A2reproductionA2andA2growthA2development
2.A2mobilizationA2ofA2bodyA2defenses
3.A2regulationA2ofA2metabolism
4.A2maintenanceA2ofA2homeostasis

whereA2areA2hormonesA2produced?A2-A2Ans--
hormonesA2areA2producedA2inA2theA2endocrineA2glands

howA2doA2theA2endocrineA2glandsA2secreteA2hormones?A2-A2Ans--
endocrineA2glandsA2areA2ductlessA2andA2secreteA2hormonesA2intoA2extracellularA2fluids

whereA2doA2hormonesA2travel?A2-A2Ans--throughA2theA2bloodA2stream

whatA2doA2hormonesA2do?A2-A2Ans--
regulateA2activityA2ofA2cellsA2elsewhereA2inA2theA2body

whatA2areA2targetA2cells?A2-A2Ans--
targetA2cellsA2areA2cellsA2thatA2hormonesA2actA2on:A2theyA2haveA2specificA2hormoneA2rece
ptorsA2andA2respondA2whenA2theA2hormoneA2bindsA2ontoA2them

whatA2areA2theA2possibleA2effectsA2ofA2hormonesA2onA2targetA2cells?A2-A2Ans--
1.A2changesA2inA2plasmaA2membraneA2permeability
2.A2synthesisA2ofA2proteinsA2(enzymes,A2otherA2hormones,A2etc.)
3.A2activationA2orA2inactivationA2ofA2enzymes
4.A2promotionA2ofA2secretoryA2activity

whatA2areA2theA2twoA2possibleA2hormoneA2structures?A2-A2Ans--1.A2amino-
acidA2based:A2proteins,A2peptides,A2andA2aminesA2(mostA2hormonesA2areA2amino-
acidA2based)
2.A2steroids:A2madeA2fromA2cholesterol

whatA2typesA2ofA2hormonesA2areA2steroids?A2-A2Ans--
sexA2hormonesA2andA2adrenalA2cortexA2hormones

, howA2doA2steroidA2hormonesA2moveA2throughA2cellA2andA2nuclearA2membranes?A2-
A2Ans--throughA2diffusion:A2steroidsA2areA2lipid-soluble


whatA2doA2steroidA2hormonesA2doA2inA2theA2nucleus?A2-A2Ans--
theyA2bindA2toA2proteinA2receptors:A2theA2receptorA2+A2proteinA2thenA2bindA2toA2theA2cell'sA
2DNAA2andA2activatesA2genes,A2causingA2newA2proteinsA2toA2synthesize


howA2areA2amino-acidA2hormonesA2differentA2inA2theirA2function?A2-A2Ans--amino-
acidA2hormonesA2(firstA2messenger)A2bindsA2toA2aA2receptorA2onA2theA2cellA2membraneA2b
ecauseA2theA2hormoneA2cannotA2enterA2theA2cell.A2(itA2isA2notA2lipidA2soluble)

howA2doA2amino-acidA2hormonesA2signalA2insideA2theA2cell?A2-A2Ans--
theyA2activateA2anA2enzymeA2thatA2producesA2aA2second-
messengerA2moleculeA2insideA2theA2cell,A2whichA2hasA2anA2effectA2withinA2theA2cell

howA2isA2theA2releaseA2ofA2mostA2hormonesA2maintained?A2-A2Ans--
throughA2negativeA2feedback:A2whenA2appropriateA2levelA2isA2reached,A2hormoneA2releas
eA2stops

whatA2stimulatesA2theA2endocrineA2glands?A2-A2Ans--
otherA2hormones,A2humoralA2levelsA2ofA2aA2substanceA2(calcium,A2glucose,A2etc.),A2nerve
A2impulses


describeA2hormonalA2stimulationA2ofA2endocrineA2glands:A2-A2Ans--
endocrineA2glandsA2areA2activatedA2byA2hormonesA2fromA2otherA2glandsA2whenA2levelsA2o
fA2theA2stimulatedA2gland'sA2hormoneA2risesA2enough,A2whichA2inhibitsA2theA2stimulatingA2
gland.A2

ex:A2hormoneA2fromA2anteriorA2pituitaryA2stimulatesA2thyroidA2glandA2toA2produceA2thyroid
A2hormone;A2anteriorA2pituitaryA2isA2stimulatedA2byA2hypothalamusA2hormones


describeA2humoralA2stimulationA2ofA2endocrineA2glands:A2-A2Ans--
theA2hormoneA2releaseA2isA2stimulatedA2byA2changingA2bloodA2levelsA2ofA2certainA2ionsA2o
rA2nutrientsA2

ex:A2changingA2levelsA2ofA2bloodA2calciumA2stimulateA2productionA2ofA2parathyroidA2horm
oneA2andA2calcitonin

describeA2neuralA2stimulationA2ofA2endocrineA2glands:A2-A2Ans--
nerveA2impulsesA2stimulateA2hormoneA2release

ex:A2releaseA2ofA2epinephrineA2andA2norepinephrineA2byA2theA2adrenalA2medulla

whatA2areA2theA2majorA2endocrineA2organs?A2-A2Ans--
1.A2hypothalamusA2(partA2ofA2theA2nervousA2system,A2butA2producesA2severalA2hormones)
2.A2pituitaryA2gland