TEST BANK FOR
Social Psychology 6th Edition by Tom Gilovich
Chapter 1-8
Skills: Business exams may require students to present ideas clearly and concisely. Students must convey complex concepts in a way that demonstrates their understanding of business
CHAPTER 1: An Invitation to Social Psychology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Social psychology can be defined as the study of the of individuals in social
situations.
a. intuitive; behaviors
b. scientific; behaviors
c. scientific; feelings, thoughts, and behaviors
d. behavioral; thoughts and feelings
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Characterizing Social Psychology OBJ:
1.1A MSC: Remembering
2. Which of the following Supreme Court rulings was heavily influenced by social psychological
research?
a. Roe v. Wade c. Marbury v. Madison
b. Brown v. Board of Education d. Miranda v. Arizona
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Characterizing Social Psychology OBJ:
1.1A MSC: Remembering
3. “Absence makes the heart grow fonder” and “out of sight, out of mind” are both common sayings.
A(n) is most likely to conduct an experiment to identify the conditions or situations under
which each of these assertions is accurate.
a. personality psychologist c. sociologist
b. social psychologist d. anthropologist
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Characterizing Social Psychology OBJ: 1.1B
MSC: Applying
4. Sandra thinks that smiling a lot during a job interview increases a person’s chances of getting a job
offer. The main difference between Sandra’s folk theory and social psychological theories is that social
psychological theories are
a. always more complicated.
b. almost always counterintuitive.
c. based on logic.
d. tested using the scientific method.
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: Characterizing Social Psychology OBJ:
1.1A MSC: Understanding
5. Social psychologists differ from personality psychologists because social psychologists tend to
a. rely primarily on correlational research.
b. argue that genetics do not exert causal effects on social behavior.
c. examine the influence of situations on behaviors.
d. stress individual differences in behavior.
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: Characterizing Social Psychology OBJ: 1.1B
MSC: Analyzing
6. Which of the following is LEAST characteristic of the goals of social psychology?
a. understanding how people in different cultures think, feel, and behave
b. understanding how people control each other’s behaviors
c. evaluating the accuracy of folk theories about how situations influence behavior
d. understanding how personality traits predispose people to respond to major events in their
, lives
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: Characterizing Social Psychology OBJ:
1.1A MSC: Analyzing
7. Jacquie and Karen are both interested in the topic of divorce. Jacquie is a social psychologist and
Karen is a sociologist. Compared to Karen, which of the following questions is Jacquie most likely
to ask?
a. Do different divorce laws influence divorce rates?
b. Are divorce rates higher among people who are more educated?
c. Why does infidelity lead to divorce?
d. Is divorce more prevalent in northern states relative to southern states?
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: Characterizing Social Psychology OBJ: 1.1B
MSC: Analyzing
Skills: Business exams may require students to present ideas clearly and concisely. Students must convey complex concepts in a way that demonstrates their understanding
of business
8. Which of the following phenomena best illustrates the relationship between social influence and
behavior?
a. acting more cooperative when you are in a good mood (as opposed to a bad mood)
b. preferring to drive with the car radio on (as opposed to off)
c. cycling faster when people are watching you (as opposed to when you are alone)
d. getting into more arguments when the temperature is above 80 degrees (as opposed to
under 80 degrees)
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: Characterizing Social Psychology OBJ:
1.1A MSC: Analyzing
9. Kurt Lewin’s concept, the field of forces, emphasizes that underlie(s) much of human
behavior.
a. genetics c. the characteristics of a situation
b. physical stimulation d. natural selection
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ:
1.2A MSC: Understanding
10. Kurt Lewin, the founder of modern social psychology, argued that the effects of psychological forces
can be understood in the same way that forces are understood.
a. physical c. personality
b. attribute d. armed
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ:
1.2A MSC: Understanding
11. Research on suggests it is for people to assume that dispositions are the
underlying causes of most behaviors.
a. the fundamental attribution error; common
b. the fundamental attribution error; uncommon
c. channel factors; common
d. channel factors; uncommon
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ:
1.2D MSC: Remembering
12. The classic Milgram study showed that about percent of participants delivered to
the “learner.”
a. 1; a 330-volt shock or higher (i.e., after the learner let out an agonized scream)
b. 10; no shocks
c. 20; a 450-volt shock (highest possible)
d. 60; a 450-volt shock (highest possible)
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ:
1.2B MSC: Remembering
, 13. According to social psychologists, which of the following conditions is most likely to make someone
do what an authority figure says to do—even if it involves hurting someone?
a. when people know ahead of time that an authority figure will be ordering them around
b. when people have been raised in abusive families
c. when people can hold an authority figure responsible for his or her actions
d. when people are used to hurting other people
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ:
1.2B MSC: Understanding
14. The “Good Samaritan” study conducted by Darley and Batson (1973) examined helping behavior in
seminary students at Princeton University. These students were either rushed or not rushed to get to an
appointment. Results of this study showed that
a. participants who viewed religion as a means toward personal salvation were less likely to
help someone than participants who viewed religion as a means toward moral and spiritual
values.
b. when rushed, only participants who viewed religion as a means toward personal salvation
were less likely to help someone.
c. when rushed, only participants who viewed religion as a means toward moral and spiritual
values were less likely to help someone.
d. the nature of participants’ religious orientations did not predict helping behavior; only
being rushed or not predicted helping.
Skills: Business exams may require students to present ideas clearly and concisely. Students must convey complex concepts in a way that demonstrates their
understanding of business
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ:
1.2B MSC: Understanding
15. Your waiter seems to be doing everything wrong. He has forgotten to take your drink order. He
delivers someone else’s food to your table. He does not come out and say it, but his facial expressions seem to say he’d rather be someplace else. If
you assume his behavior is caused primarily by
, your assumption is consistent with the fundamental attribution error.
a. channel factors
b. situational factors he can control
c. his disposition
d. situational factors beyond his control
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ:
1.2D MSC: Understanding
16. Which of the following scenarios is LEAST consistent with the fundamental attribution error?
a. When someone swerves into your lane while driving, you think to yourself, “This person
is a terrible driver!”
b. When someone at a party smiles at you, you think to yourself, “This person smiles at
everyone.”
c. When you slip and fall down at a shopping mall, you think to yourself, “I was born
clumsy!”
d. When someone talks loudly to his or her friend on the bus, you think to yourself, “This
person might be talking to someone who has a hearing problem.”
ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ:
1.2D MSC: Analyzing
17. The president of a fraternity wants to increase the number of fraternity members who volunteer for
nonprofit organizations in the community. Which of the following strategies would BEST fit with Kurt
Lewin’s concept of channel factors?
a. induce guilt among members who are not currently volunteering
b. leave information about when and how members might volunteer on the counter
c. offer a prize to the member who volunteers the most hours
d. ask members to publicly commit to a particular volunteering opportunity
ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ:
1.2C MSC: Applying
, 18. Which of the following concepts is most relevant to people who want to get someone to act on his or
her intentions?
a. channel factors
b. the fundamental attribution error
c. tension systems
d. naturalistic fallacy
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ:
1.2C MSC: Applying
19. Marco, a physics major, and Tim, a social work major, always take the bus together to school. Today
the bus was delayed. Tim is going to be late for a midterm. Marco does not have class for a few hours.
While walking from the bus stop, Marco and Tim pass a woman crying on a bench. According to
Darley and Batson’s “Good Samaritan” study, how are Marco and Tim likely to behave?
a. Marco is more likely to help the women given that he does not have to rush to a midterm.
b. Tim is more likely to help the women because he will feel especially heroic helping
despite being in a rush.
c. As a social work major, Tim is more likely to help the woman.
d. As a physics major, Marco is more likely to help the woman.
Skills: Business exams may require students to present ideas clearly and concisely. Students must convey complex concepts in a way that demonstrates their understanding of business
ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ:
1.2B MSC: Applying
20. What do the results of the “Milgram Experiment” and Darley and Batson’s “Good Samaritan” study
have in common?
a. They both highlight the power of the situation in determining behavior.
b. They both highlight how people respond differently to the same situation.
c. They both highlight cultural differences in behavior.
d. They both highlight universality in behavior across cultures.
ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ:
1.2B MSC: Analyzing
21. psychology stresses the fact that objects are perceived by active, usually unconscious,
interpretations of what the object represents as a whole.
a. Behavioral c. Cognitive
Personality
b. Gestalt d.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: The Role of Construal
OBJ: 1.3A MSC: Remembering
22. The term construal refers to
a. an expectation about how group members should behave.
b. a personal interpretation about situations and other people’s behaviors.
c. perceiving situations by means of an automatic registering device.
d. generalized knowledge about the physical and social world.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: The Role of Construal OBJ:
1.3A MSC: Remembering
23. Which of the following statements is true of schemas?
a. They are exactly the same across many different kinds of situations.
b. They guide our expectations in only a few situations.
c. They do not influence our judgments.
d. They are elaborate collections of systematized knowledge.
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: The Role of Construal OBJ:
1.3B MSC: Remembering
24. Pro-affirmative action advocates try to activate schemas related to , whereas anti-affirmative
action advocates try to activate schemas related to .
a. fairness; diversity
b. diversity; fairness
Social Psychology 6th Edition by Tom Gilovich
Chapter 1-8
Skills: Business exams may require students to present ideas clearly and concisely. Students must convey complex concepts in a way that demonstrates their understanding of business
CHAPTER 1: An Invitation to Social Psychology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Social psychology can be defined as the study of the of individuals in social
situations.
a. intuitive; behaviors
b. scientific; behaviors
c. scientific; feelings, thoughts, and behaviors
d. behavioral; thoughts and feelings
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Characterizing Social Psychology OBJ:
1.1A MSC: Remembering
2. Which of the following Supreme Court rulings was heavily influenced by social psychological
research?
a. Roe v. Wade c. Marbury v. Madison
b. Brown v. Board of Education d. Miranda v. Arizona
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Characterizing Social Psychology OBJ:
1.1A MSC: Remembering
3. “Absence makes the heart grow fonder” and “out of sight, out of mind” are both common sayings.
A(n) is most likely to conduct an experiment to identify the conditions or situations under
which each of these assertions is accurate.
a. personality psychologist c. sociologist
b. social psychologist d. anthropologist
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Characterizing Social Psychology OBJ: 1.1B
MSC: Applying
4. Sandra thinks that smiling a lot during a job interview increases a person’s chances of getting a job
offer. The main difference between Sandra’s folk theory and social psychological theories is that social
psychological theories are
a. always more complicated.
b. almost always counterintuitive.
c. based on logic.
d. tested using the scientific method.
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: Characterizing Social Psychology OBJ:
1.1A MSC: Understanding
5. Social psychologists differ from personality psychologists because social psychologists tend to
a. rely primarily on correlational research.
b. argue that genetics do not exert causal effects on social behavior.
c. examine the influence of situations on behaviors.
d. stress individual differences in behavior.
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: Characterizing Social Psychology OBJ: 1.1B
MSC: Analyzing
6. Which of the following is LEAST characteristic of the goals of social psychology?
a. understanding how people in different cultures think, feel, and behave
b. understanding how people control each other’s behaviors
c. evaluating the accuracy of folk theories about how situations influence behavior
d. understanding how personality traits predispose people to respond to major events in their
, lives
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: Characterizing Social Psychology OBJ:
1.1A MSC: Analyzing
7. Jacquie and Karen are both interested in the topic of divorce. Jacquie is a social psychologist and
Karen is a sociologist. Compared to Karen, which of the following questions is Jacquie most likely
to ask?
a. Do different divorce laws influence divorce rates?
b. Are divorce rates higher among people who are more educated?
c. Why does infidelity lead to divorce?
d. Is divorce more prevalent in northern states relative to southern states?
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: Characterizing Social Psychology OBJ: 1.1B
MSC: Analyzing
Skills: Business exams may require students to present ideas clearly and concisely. Students must convey complex concepts in a way that demonstrates their understanding
of business
8. Which of the following phenomena best illustrates the relationship between social influence and
behavior?
a. acting more cooperative when you are in a good mood (as opposed to a bad mood)
b. preferring to drive with the car radio on (as opposed to off)
c. cycling faster when people are watching you (as opposed to when you are alone)
d. getting into more arguments when the temperature is above 80 degrees (as opposed to
under 80 degrees)
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: Characterizing Social Psychology OBJ:
1.1A MSC: Analyzing
9. Kurt Lewin’s concept, the field of forces, emphasizes that underlie(s) much of human
behavior.
a. genetics c. the characteristics of a situation
b. physical stimulation d. natural selection
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ:
1.2A MSC: Understanding
10. Kurt Lewin, the founder of modern social psychology, argued that the effects of psychological forces
can be understood in the same way that forces are understood.
a. physical c. personality
b. attribute d. armed
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ:
1.2A MSC: Understanding
11. Research on suggests it is for people to assume that dispositions are the
underlying causes of most behaviors.
a. the fundamental attribution error; common
b. the fundamental attribution error; uncommon
c. channel factors; common
d. channel factors; uncommon
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ:
1.2D MSC: Remembering
12. The classic Milgram study showed that about percent of participants delivered to
the “learner.”
a. 1; a 330-volt shock or higher (i.e., after the learner let out an agonized scream)
b. 10; no shocks
c. 20; a 450-volt shock (highest possible)
d. 60; a 450-volt shock (highest possible)
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ:
1.2B MSC: Remembering
, 13. According to social psychologists, which of the following conditions is most likely to make someone
do what an authority figure says to do—even if it involves hurting someone?
a. when people know ahead of time that an authority figure will be ordering them around
b. when people have been raised in abusive families
c. when people can hold an authority figure responsible for his or her actions
d. when people are used to hurting other people
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ:
1.2B MSC: Understanding
14. The “Good Samaritan” study conducted by Darley and Batson (1973) examined helping behavior in
seminary students at Princeton University. These students were either rushed or not rushed to get to an
appointment. Results of this study showed that
a. participants who viewed religion as a means toward personal salvation were less likely to
help someone than participants who viewed religion as a means toward moral and spiritual
values.
b. when rushed, only participants who viewed religion as a means toward personal salvation
were less likely to help someone.
c. when rushed, only participants who viewed religion as a means toward moral and spiritual
values were less likely to help someone.
d. the nature of participants’ religious orientations did not predict helping behavior; only
being rushed or not predicted helping.
Skills: Business exams may require students to present ideas clearly and concisely. Students must convey complex concepts in a way that demonstrates their
understanding of business
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ:
1.2B MSC: Understanding
15. Your waiter seems to be doing everything wrong. He has forgotten to take your drink order. He
delivers someone else’s food to your table. He does not come out and say it, but his facial expressions seem to say he’d rather be someplace else. If
you assume his behavior is caused primarily by
, your assumption is consistent with the fundamental attribution error.
a. channel factors
b. situational factors he can control
c. his disposition
d. situational factors beyond his control
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ:
1.2D MSC: Understanding
16. Which of the following scenarios is LEAST consistent with the fundamental attribution error?
a. When someone swerves into your lane while driving, you think to yourself, “This person
is a terrible driver!”
b. When someone at a party smiles at you, you think to yourself, “This person smiles at
everyone.”
c. When you slip and fall down at a shopping mall, you think to yourself, “I was born
clumsy!”
d. When someone talks loudly to his or her friend on the bus, you think to yourself, “This
person might be talking to someone who has a hearing problem.”
ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ:
1.2D MSC: Analyzing
17. The president of a fraternity wants to increase the number of fraternity members who volunteer for
nonprofit organizations in the community. Which of the following strategies would BEST fit with Kurt
Lewin’s concept of channel factors?
a. induce guilt among members who are not currently volunteering
b. leave information about when and how members might volunteer on the counter
c. offer a prize to the member who volunteers the most hours
d. ask members to publicly commit to a particular volunteering opportunity
ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ:
1.2C MSC: Applying
, 18. Which of the following concepts is most relevant to people who want to get someone to act on his or
her intentions?
a. channel factors
b. the fundamental attribution error
c. tension systems
d. naturalistic fallacy
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ:
1.2C MSC: Applying
19. Marco, a physics major, and Tim, a social work major, always take the bus together to school. Today
the bus was delayed. Tim is going to be late for a midterm. Marco does not have class for a few hours.
While walking from the bus stop, Marco and Tim pass a woman crying on a bench. According to
Darley and Batson’s “Good Samaritan” study, how are Marco and Tim likely to behave?
a. Marco is more likely to help the women given that he does not have to rush to a midterm.
b. Tim is more likely to help the women because he will feel especially heroic helping
despite being in a rush.
c. As a social work major, Tim is more likely to help the woman.
d. As a physics major, Marco is more likely to help the woman.
Skills: Business exams may require students to present ideas clearly and concisely. Students must convey complex concepts in a way that demonstrates their understanding of business
ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ:
1.2B MSC: Applying
20. What do the results of the “Milgram Experiment” and Darley and Batson’s “Good Samaritan” study
have in common?
a. They both highlight the power of the situation in determining behavior.
b. They both highlight how people respond differently to the same situation.
c. They both highlight cultural differences in behavior.
d. They both highlight universality in behavior across cultures.
ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ:
1.2B MSC: Analyzing
21. psychology stresses the fact that objects are perceived by active, usually unconscious,
interpretations of what the object represents as a whole.
a. Behavioral c. Cognitive
Personality
b. Gestalt d.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: The Role of Construal
OBJ: 1.3A MSC: Remembering
22. The term construal refers to
a. an expectation about how group members should behave.
b. a personal interpretation about situations and other people’s behaviors.
c. perceiving situations by means of an automatic registering device.
d. generalized knowledge about the physical and social world.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: The Role of Construal OBJ:
1.3A MSC: Remembering
23. Which of the following statements is true of schemas?
a. They are exactly the same across many different kinds of situations.
b. They guide our expectations in only a few situations.
c. They do not influence our judgments.
d. They are elaborate collections of systematized knowledge.
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: The Role of Construal OBJ:
1.3B MSC: Remembering
24. Pro-affirmative action advocates try to activate schemas related to , whereas anti-affirmative
action advocates try to activate schemas related to .
a. fairness; diversity
b. diversity; fairness
