NSG124 - Final exam Questions with Complete Solutions
Morphine adverse effects - respiratory depression
- sedation
- constipation
- orthostatic hypotension
- urinary retention
- bradycardia
Naloxone (Narcan) pure opioid antagonist, reverses opioid induced respiratory
depression
Medications for muscle spasticity - Baclofen
- Diazepam
- Dantrolene
- Tizanidine
Baclofen (Lioresal) - relieves muscle spasms and spasticity due to MS or spinal cord injury
- GI and CNS side effects
- do not stop abruptly
Epinephrine - vasopressor, bronchodilator
- adrenergic drug that acts on both alpha and beta receptors to relax smooth muscle
- used to treat allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) and cardiac arrest
- use caution in patients with hyperthyroidism and hypertension
H1 receptor antagonists (2nd generation) - drug class used to treat mild allergic reactions
,- not sedating
- use caution in patients with renal impairment
- Ex: fexofenadine (Allegra - cannot take with fruit juice), loratadine (Claritin)
4 types of Laxatives include: - bulk forming
- surfactant
- stimulant
- osmotic
Bulk forming laxatives - type of laxative that swells in water to form a viscous solution
- softens fecal mass
- works similar to dietary fiber
- must be taken with a full glass of water
- Ex: psyllium (Metamucil)
Surfactant laxatives - type of laxative that works by lowering surface tension
- facilitates penetration of fluid into the feces
- must be taken with a full glass of water
- available in capsules, tablets, syrup, liquid
- Ex: docusate sodium (Colace)
Stimulant laxatives - stimulates peristalsis (intestinal motility)
- increase amount of water and electrolytes in intestines
- full glass of water NOT required
- Ex: bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
, Osmotic laxatives - draws water into the colon to stimulate evacuation
- used for bowel prep before diagnostic/surgical procedures
- warning in patients with hypertension, heart failure
- Ex: polyethylene glycol (MiraLax)
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) - drug to treat gastric and duodenal ulcers, GERD
- enteric coated, dissolves in intestine versus stomach
- not to be given for heartburn because of delayed response
- Ex: omeprazole (Prilosec)
H2 receptor antagonists - treats peptic ulcers, GERD, heartburn
- suppresses secretion of gastric acid
- Ex: Famotidine (Pepcid)
Ondansetron (Zofran) - antiemetic, serotonin receptor antagonist
- treats nausea and vomiting
- take with full glass of water
- SE: headache, diarrhea, dizziness
Vancomycin - inhibits cell wall synthesis
- treats MRSA, C. difficile
- monitor renal function with creatinine levels
- obtain trough level (30 minutes prior to next dose)
- infuse slowly, at least over 60 minutes
Vancomycin adverse effects - nephrotoxicity
Morphine adverse effects - respiratory depression
- sedation
- constipation
- orthostatic hypotension
- urinary retention
- bradycardia
Naloxone (Narcan) pure opioid antagonist, reverses opioid induced respiratory
depression
Medications for muscle spasticity - Baclofen
- Diazepam
- Dantrolene
- Tizanidine
Baclofen (Lioresal) - relieves muscle spasms and spasticity due to MS or spinal cord injury
- GI and CNS side effects
- do not stop abruptly
Epinephrine - vasopressor, bronchodilator
- adrenergic drug that acts on both alpha and beta receptors to relax smooth muscle
- used to treat allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) and cardiac arrest
- use caution in patients with hyperthyroidism and hypertension
H1 receptor antagonists (2nd generation) - drug class used to treat mild allergic reactions
,- not sedating
- use caution in patients with renal impairment
- Ex: fexofenadine (Allegra - cannot take with fruit juice), loratadine (Claritin)
4 types of Laxatives include: - bulk forming
- surfactant
- stimulant
- osmotic
Bulk forming laxatives - type of laxative that swells in water to form a viscous solution
- softens fecal mass
- works similar to dietary fiber
- must be taken with a full glass of water
- Ex: psyllium (Metamucil)
Surfactant laxatives - type of laxative that works by lowering surface tension
- facilitates penetration of fluid into the feces
- must be taken with a full glass of water
- available in capsules, tablets, syrup, liquid
- Ex: docusate sodium (Colace)
Stimulant laxatives - stimulates peristalsis (intestinal motility)
- increase amount of water and electrolytes in intestines
- full glass of water NOT required
- Ex: bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
, Osmotic laxatives - draws water into the colon to stimulate evacuation
- used for bowel prep before diagnostic/surgical procedures
- warning in patients with hypertension, heart failure
- Ex: polyethylene glycol (MiraLax)
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) - drug to treat gastric and duodenal ulcers, GERD
- enteric coated, dissolves in intestine versus stomach
- not to be given for heartburn because of delayed response
- Ex: omeprazole (Prilosec)
H2 receptor antagonists - treats peptic ulcers, GERD, heartburn
- suppresses secretion of gastric acid
- Ex: Famotidine (Pepcid)
Ondansetron (Zofran) - antiemetic, serotonin receptor antagonist
- treats nausea and vomiting
- take with full glass of water
- SE: headache, diarrhea, dizziness
Vancomycin - inhibits cell wall synthesis
- treats MRSA, C. difficile
- monitor renal function with creatinine levels
- obtain trough level (30 minutes prior to next dose)
- infuse slowly, at least over 60 minutes
Vancomycin adverse effects - nephrotoxicity
