MMG 301 Final Exam questions well
answers rated A+ 2025/2026
Bacteremia or Viremia - correct answer ✔✔Bacteria in the blood
Bacteriuria - correct answer ✔✔Presence of bacteria in urine
Selective medium - correct answer ✔✔Contains substances that inhibit growth of certain types
of bacteria
Differential Medium - correct answer ✔✔Includes compounds that allows visualiaztion of
certain biochemical pathways and products.
MIC, Etest, and Disk diffusion assay - correct answer ✔✔Tests for sensitivity to antibiotics.
Automation - correct answer ✔✔Used for identification and to determine antibiotic resistance
Serology - correct answer ✔✔The use of antigen-antibody reactions to detect antigens and
antibodies.
Mantoux skin test - correct answer ✔✔Common for testing of previous exposure or current
infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Antibody titer - correct answer ✔✔The lowest concentration of serum at which an antibody-
antigen reaction is observed
,Agglutination - correct answer ✔✔Soluble antibodies cause clumping of antigens that are on
the surface of a synthetic particle or cell.
Serotyping - correct answer ✔✔Agglutination of bacterial cells.
Direct immunofluorescence - correct answer ✔✔Purified antibodies can be labeled with a
fluorescent molecule.
Indirect immunofluorescence - correct answer ✔✔Antibodies can also be made that recognize
antibodies from another host (such as a rabbit). Then, anti-rabbit antibodies can be purified and
labeled with a fluorescent molecule.
This strategy increases the sensitivity of detection.
Enzyme Immunosorbent Assays (EIA) or ELISA - correct answer ✔✔Enzymes can be chemically
attached to purified antibodies.
The enzymes produce some colored product that can be easily measured.
Direct immunoassays - correct answer ✔✔Use immobilized antibody to test for an antigen from
the patient.
Indirect Immunoassays - correct answer ✔✔Use immobilized antigen to detect antibodies from
a patient.
PCR - correct answer ✔✔One of the most powerful diagnostic tools for detection of pathogens.
PCR product is only made if the primers exactly base-pair with pathogen DNA.
Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) - correct answer ✔✔Can detect diagnostic PCR products.
Requires a PCR thermocycler, a fluorescent probe, and RNA from pathogens can be detected by
first performing a reverse-transcriptase reaction to convert RNA to DNA.
, Selective toxicity - correct answer ✔✔Kills pathogenic microbes without significant damage to
host cells and beneficial microbes.
Therapeutic dose - correct answer ✔✔Concentration required for effective clinical treatment.
Toxic dose - correct answer ✔✔Level at which drug becomes toxic to the host.
Isoniazid - correct answer ✔✔Antibiotic that inhibits a critical metabolic pathway.
Growth factor analog of nicotinamide.
Synthesis of mycelia acids is blocked. Used for tuberculosis treatment.
Penicillin G - correct answer ✔✔First beta-lactam antibiotic discovered and produced
commercially.
Effective mainly against Gram+ bacteria. Inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis by preventing the
pranspeptidation of the cells wall reaction by binding to the enzyme, transpeptidase,
Penicillin Binding Proteins - correct answer ✔✔Also known as transpeptidases
Quinolones - correct answer ✔✔Inhibitors of DNA Gyrase, which is required for supercoiling of
DNA.
Cell division is blocked.
Aminoglycoside Antibiotics - correct answer ✔✔Bind to bacterial ribosomes, like Kanamycin.
(30S subunit)
Macrolide Antibiotics - correct answer ✔✔Bind to bacterial ribosomes, like erythromycin. (50s
subunit)
answers rated A+ 2025/2026
Bacteremia or Viremia - correct answer ✔✔Bacteria in the blood
Bacteriuria - correct answer ✔✔Presence of bacteria in urine
Selective medium - correct answer ✔✔Contains substances that inhibit growth of certain types
of bacteria
Differential Medium - correct answer ✔✔Includes compounds that allows visualiaztion of
certain biochemical pathways and products.
MIC, Etest, and Disk diffusion assay - correct answer ✔✔Tests for sensitivity to antibiotics.
Automation - correct answer ✔✔Used for identification and to determine antibiotic resistance
Serology - correct answer ✔✔The use of antigen-antibody reactions to detect antigens and
antibodies.
Mantoux skin test - correct answer ✔✔Common for testing of previous exposure or current
infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Antibody titer - correct answer ✔✔The lowest concentration of serum at which an antibody-
antigen reaction is observed
,Agglutination - correct answer ✔✔Soluble antibodies cause clumping of antigens that are on
the surface of a synthetic particle or cell.
Serotyping - correct answer ✔✔Agglutination of bacterial cells.
Direct immunofluorescence - correct answer ✔✔Purified antibodies can be labeled with a
fluorescent molecule.
Indirect immunofluorescence - correct answer ✔✔Antibodies can also be made that recognize
antibodies from another host (such as a rabbit). Then, anti-rabbit antibodies can be purified and
labeled with a fluorescent molecule.
This strategy increases the sensitivity of detection.
Enzyme Immunosorbent Assays (EIA) or ELISA - correct answer ✔✔Enzymes can be chemically
attached to purified antibodies.
The enzymes produce some colored product that can be easily measured.
Direct immunoassays - correct answer ✔✔Use immobilized antibody to test for an antigen from
the patient.
Indirect Immunoassays - correct answer ✔✔Use immobilized antigen to detect antibodies from
a patient.
PCR - correct answer ✔✔One of the most powerful diagnostic tools for detection of pathogens.
PCR product is only made if the primers exactly base-pair with pathogen DNA.
Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) - correct answer ✔✔Can detect diagnostic PCR products.
Requires a PCR thermocycler, a fluorescent probe, and RNA from pathogens can be detected by
first performing a reverse-transcriptase reaction to convert RNA to DNA.
, Selective toxicity - correct answer ✔✔Kills pathogenic microbes without significant damage to
host cells and beneficial microbes.
Therapeutic dose - correct answer ✔✔Concentration required for effective clinical treatment.
Toxic dose - correct answer ✔✔Level at which drug becomes toxic to the host.
Isoniazid - correct answer ✔✔Antibiotic that inhibits a critical metabolic pathway.
Growth factor analog of nicotinamide.
Synthesis of mycelia acids is blocked. Used for tuberculosis treatment.
Penicillin G - correct answer ✔✔First beta-lactam antibiotic discovered and produced
commercially.
Effective mainly against Gram+ bacteria. Inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis by preventing the
pranspeptidation of the cells wall reaction by binding to the enzyme, transpeptidase,
Penicillin Binding Proteins - correct answer ✔✔Also known as transpeptidases
Quinolones - correct answer ✔✔Inhibitors of DNA Gyrase, which is required for supercoiling of
DNA.
Cell division is blocked.
Aminoglycoside Antibiotics - correct answer ✔✔Bind to bacterial ribosomes, like Kanamycin.
(30S subunit)
Macrolide Antibiotics - correct answer ✔✔Bind to bacterial ribosomes, like erythromycin. (50s
subunit)
