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How does reviewing the genetic makeup of a client help guide the PMHNP in selecting medi
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cation for clients? - CORRECT ANSWER- b b b b b



Genetic testing can assist by providing more information on how clients may respond to cert
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ain psychotropic medications, as well as providing information on how a client may break do
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wn and metabolize medications based on the cytochrome P450 system.
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There may be an environmental exposure that turned a gene "on" that should have
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been "off" for one twin to develop schizophrenia and not the other
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. Both environmental and psychosocial stressors can impact mental health. Although
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twins may have identical genes, their gene expression may be different.
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Neuroscience - CORRECT ANSWER- b b b



is the study of the structure and function of the brain and is a field which is making great adva
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ncements (Pliszka, 2016). A strong foundational understanding of neuroscience and how th
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e structure and function of the brain can result in mental health symptoms is necessary to tre
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at mental illnesses.
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Some mental disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and major depressive
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disorder are thought to be a result of malformations or malfunctions within the brain.
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The psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) must comprehend how medicati
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ons impact the brain in order to safely and effectively prescribe psychotropic medications.
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Brain tissue - CORRECT ANSWER-is composed of gray and white matter.
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gray matter - CORRECT ANSWER-
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The cerebellum, cerebrum, brain stem, and the butterfly-
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shaped portion of the central spinal cord are comprised of gray matter which contains neural
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cell bodies, axon terminals, dendrites, and all nerve synapses.
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It is the working area of the brain and the focus of psychiatry and neurology.
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Gray matter - CORRECT ANSWER-associated with learning.
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Changes in the gray matter are linked to psychiatric diagnoses including Alzheimer's
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disease, schizophrenia, and major depressive disorder.
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White Matter - CORRECT ANSWER-contains nerve fibers that connect neurons from
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, different regions into functional circuits.
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The myelin that coats neuronal axons is necessary for electrical impulse transmission.
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Think of the white matter as a transit system. If there are breaks in the system, then
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people cannot get to their destinations.
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Within the brain, these breaks affect neural communication, affecting behavior.
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Damage to the myelin can impair transmission which can impact not only sensory and
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motor function, but also cognition.
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White matter abnormalities are associated with autism and vascular dementia.
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The central sulcus separates which lobes? - CORRECT ANSWER-frontal lobe from
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parietal lobe
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Frontal lobe - CORRECT ANSWER-Associated with movement, intelligence, abstract
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thinking. etc.
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Broca's area - CORRECT ANSWER-Speech
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Temporal lobe - CORRECT ANSWER-Involves object identification and auditory signals
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Cerebellum - CORRECT ANSWER-coordination and balance b b b b b b

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Wernicke's area - CORRECT ANSWER-Speech comprehension b b b b b b

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occipital lobe - CORRECT ANSWER-Primary visual area
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parietal lobe - CORRECT ANSWER-Keeps us alert to what is going on around us
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Sensory Cortex - CORRECT ANSWER-Pain, heat, and other sensations
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motor cortex - CORRECT ANSWER-Movement
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Hippocampus - CORRECT ANSWER-Involved in both memory and anxiety b b b b b b b b b

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Nucleus accumbens - CORRECT ANSWER-Involved in the reward process.
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Thalamus - CORRECT ANSWER-Involved in sensory organ and motor command
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processing
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Striatum - CORRECT ANSWER-Involved in complex motor actions, also links cognition
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to motor actions
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Limbic System - CORRECT ANSWER-This includes circuits that are associated with
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pleasure and reward, emotion and learning
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Basal ganglia - CORRECT ANSWER-A group of structures involved in voluntary motor
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movements
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Amygdala - CORRECT ANSWER-Involved in emotional regulation and perception of
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odors
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Corpus callosum - CORRECT ANSWER-Controls the communication between the two
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brain hemispheres
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white matter - CORRECT ANSWER-Contains nerve fibers that connect neurons from
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