UTA BIOL 2457 Practical 2 Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2025/2026
central nervous system - Answers (CNS) brain and spinal cord.
peripheral nervous system - Answers Body Nerves that connect to the central nervous system
(brain and spinal cord). Connects the central nervous system to the body's organs and limbs.
sensory (afferent) neurons - Answers neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory
receptors (sight, smell, sound etc.) to the brain and spinal cord
Interneurons - Answers Central nervous system neurons that internally communicate and
intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs
motor (efferent) neurons - Answers Nerve cells responsible for making an action or movement
happen.Multipolar Shaped Neurons
white matter - Answers myelinated axons
grey matter - Answers unmyelinated neuron cell bodies and short, unmyelinated axons
meninges - Answers three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. dura
mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
dura matter - Answers thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the
brain and spinal cord
arachnoid mater - Answers weblike middle layer of the three meninges
pia matter - Answers thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges
cerebrospinal fluid - Answers Fluid in the space between the meninges that acts as a shock
absorber that protects the central nervous system.
dendrites - Answers Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information.
cell body (soma) - Answers the part of a neuron that coordinates information-processing tasks
and keeps the cell alive
axon hillock - Answers the cone-shaped area on the cell body from which the axon originates
axon - Answers the neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other
neurons or to muscles or glands
Schwann cells - Answers Type of glia in the PNS, Supporting cells of the peripheral nervous
system responsible for the formation of myelin.
myelin sheath - Answers covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses
, Nodes of Ranvier - Answers Gaps in the myelin sheath to which voltage-gated sodium channels
are confined.
axon terminals - Answers Branches at the end of the axon that contain tiny pouches, or sacs,
called synaptic vesicles.
Cerebrum - Answers Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision,
speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory.
frontal lobe - Answers A region of the cerebral cortex that has specialized areas for movement,
abstract thinking, planning, memory, and judgement
parietal lobe - Answers portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the
rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position
temporal lobe - Answers A region of the cerebral cortex responsible for hearing and language.
occipital lobe - Answers A region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information
functional areas - Answers areas of the brain that are specialized in the production of certain
tasks
corpus callosum - Answers the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain
hemispheres and carrying messages between them
Diencephalon - Answers thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
thalamus - Answers the brain's sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem; it directs
messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum
and medulla
Hypothalamus - Answers a neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating, drinking,
body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to
emotion
pineal gland - Answers produces melatonin
pituitary gland - Answers The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of
the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands.
pituitary gland anterior - Answers - Growth hormone
--- Drugs for growth hormone deficiency: somatrem (Protropin), somatropin (Humatrope)
--- Drugs for growth hormone excess: bromocriptine (Parlodel), octreotide (Sandostatin)
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone
central nervous system - Answers (CNS) brain and spinal cord.
peripheral nervous system - Answers Body Nerves that connect to the central nervous system
(brain and spinal cord). Connects the central nervous system to the body's organs and limbs.
sensory (afferent) neurons - Answers neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory
receptors (sight, smell, sound etc.) to the brain and spinal cord
Interneurons - Answers Central nervous system neurons that internally communicate and
intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs
motor (efferent) neurons - Answers Nerve cells responsible for making an action or movement
happen.Multipolar Shaped Neurons
white matter - Answers myelinated axons
grey matter - Answers unmyelinated neuron cell bodies and short, unmyelinated axons
meninges - Answers three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. dura
mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
dura matter - Answers thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the
brain and spinal cord
arachnoid mater - Answers weblike middle layer of the three meninges
pia matter - Answers thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges
cerebrospinal fluid - Answers Fluid in the space between the meninges that acts as a shock
absorber that protects the central nervous system.
dendrites - Answers Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information.
cell body (soma) - Answers the part of a neuron that coordinates information-processing tasks
and keeps the cell alive
axon hillock - Answers the cone-shaped area on the cell body from which the axon originates
axon - Answers the neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other
neurons or to muscles or glands
Schwann cells - Answers Type of glia in the PNS, Supporting cells of the peripheral nervous
system responsible for the formation of myelin.
myelin sheath - Answers covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses
, Nodes of Ranvier - Answers Gaps in the myelin sheath to which voltage-gated sodium channels
are confined.
axon terminals - Answers Branches at the end of the axon that contain tiny pouches, or sacs,
called synaptic vesicles.
Cerebrum - Answers Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision,
speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory.
frontal lobe - Answers A region of the cerebral cortex that has specialized areas for movement,
abstract thinking, planning, memory, and judgement
parietal lobe - Answers portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the
rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position
temporal lobe - Answers A region of the cerebral cortex responsible for hearing and language.
occipital lobe - Answers A region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information
functional areas - Answers areas of the brain that are specialized in the production of certain
tasks
corpus callosum - Answers the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain
hemispheres and carrying messages between them
Diencephalon - Answers thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
thalamus - Answers the brain's sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem; it directs
messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum
and medulla
Hypothalamus - Answers a neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating, drinking,
body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to
emotion
pineal gland - Answers produces melatonin
pituitary gland - Answers The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of
the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands.
pituitary gland anterior - Answers - Growth hormone
--- Drugs for growth hormone deficiency: somatrem (Protropin), somatropin (Humatrope)
--- Drugs for growth hormone excess: bromocriptine (Parlodel), octreotide (Sandostatin)
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone
