PSY2012 Final Exam QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS |GRADE A+.
What limited the understanding of the mind by early psychologists? - ANSWER:
They approached psychological questions from their own sociocultural context.
The psychological perspective that examines the normal changes in behavior, which
occur across the life span, is called ____. - ANSWER: developmental psychology
Kevin Boyack and his colleagues generated a map of sciences, similar to a map of
friendship networks on social media, by using ____. - ANSWER: reference lists in
journal articles
Eric has held a part-time job in a community mental health center throughout college.
He values his interactions with the clients and is known for remaining calm during high
stress situations at the clinic. He may be most interested in the ____ track of psychology.
- ANSWER: clinical or counseling
A leading humanistic thinker who introduced a major theory of motivation with a goal
of self-actualization was ____. - ANSWER: Abraham Maslow
William James' impact on contemporary psychology is evidenced by the fact that
functionalism ____. - ANSWER: was absorbed into mainstream psychology
The psychological perspective that examines the effects of one's environment on the
behavior of individuals is called ____ psychology. - ANSWER: social
Ancient Greek philosophers ____. - ANSWER: provided natural explanations for
their observations
Which of the following pairs of psychological approaches would be considered the
"most opposite"? - ANSWER: structuralism and Gestalt psychology
,Although the bulk of psychology focuses on human behavior, studying animal behavior
has been an essential part of the discipline that allows for ____. - ANSWER: making
essential comparisons with humans
In what way did ancient physicians contribute to contemporary psychology? -
ANSWER: by studying the nervous system and developing the scientific method
Valerie recently lost her sister to suicide. She is having difficulty sleeping, feels hopeless
about the future, and is easily startled or frightened. Her doctor recommends that she
participate in a discussion group led by a social worker to connect with others who are
going through a similar experience. Which approach to psychological disorders does
this exemplify? - ANSWER: the psychological model
Harold is trying to decide between teaching at the nearby community college or
obtaining a therapist's license. What is the minimum degree required for these
positions? - ANSWER: master's degree
Entering the 21st century and armed with in-depth research results compiled in the
various perspectives, psychologists are returning to ____. - ANSWER: a more
comprehensive view of the mind
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes is called ____. - ANSWER:
psychology
Which of the following statements is an example of humanistic influence? -
ANSWER: "I hear what you're saying."
Which of the following is an application of Skinner's behaviorism? - ANSWER: Doug
needs to lose a few pounds, and has a rule that if he eats a dessert, he must go for a 5-
mile run.
Alejandro is developing a preliminary research study to address the question of
whether 4-year-olds who are asked to delay gratification (e.g., to delay eating candy)
perform differently in solitude than with other 4-year-olds. Which combination of
research perspectives would be best for this preliminary study? - ANSWER:
developmental psychology and social psychology
,Edward has a fear of being contaminated when shaking hands with others, touching
doorknobs, and being in crowded public spaces, such as subway cars. He washes his
hands roughly 100 times a day. His doctor has recently prescribed an antidepressant to
increase his level of serotonin. Which approach to psychological disorders does this
exemplify? - ANSWER: the medical model
It is difficult for others to confirm an individual's subjective introspections; therefore,
this approach does not lend itself well to ____. - ANSWER: the scientific method
Callie's data set regarding the working conditions and stress levels of domestic workers
contains housing expenses. The average is surprisingly low, but then she realizes that
many workers are live-in employees and report zero housing expense. A more useful
measure of central tendency that would not be as impacted by these extreme, outlying
scores would be the ____. - ANSWER: median
Permission obtained from a research participant after the risks and benefits of an
experimental procedure have been thoroughly explained is called ____. - ANSWER:
informed consent
A group of participants that is exposed to the independent variable is called a(n) ____. -
ANSWER: experimental group
Professor Scott conducts research on teenage risk-taking behavior. He would like to
develop a hypothesis on the parental influence on teenage risk-taking at the extreme end
of the spectrum, with a focus on teenagers who sail around the world alone. Would a
case study be an appropriate first step, and why or why not? - ANSWER: Yes,
because teenage circumnavigators are rare and the data will help generate new, or
possibly falsify existing, hypotheses.
The process of having other scientists who are experts examine research prior to its
publication is called ____. - ANSWER: peer review
The text described a survey that asked a representative sample of middle school
students to respond to 17 motives for playing violent video games on a four-point scale.
Surprisingly, around 20% of boys indicated that they liked to play these games in order
to ____. - ANSWER: help get their anger out
, A method for assessing age-related changes that combines the cross-sectional and
longitudinal approaches by observing a cross-section of participants over a relatively
limited period of time is called a ____. - ANSWER: mixed longitudinal study
Random assignment is the procedure in which each participant's chance of being
assigned to any group in an experiment is ____. - ANSWER: Equal
According to the American Psychological Association's guidelines, research animals
____. - ANSWER: may be euthanized in accordance with veterinary standards
Which correlational coefficient represents the strongest relationship? - ANSWER: -
.95
Professor Frankel is an editor for a psychology journal. She is considering which
submissions to send out for peer review. Which of the following submissions is likely to
receive the strongest consideration based on its research methods? - ANSWER: a
professor from Utah who used well-established methods
Like most sciences, psychology has accepted as a standard for statistical significance the
odds of 5 out of 100 that an observed result is ____. - ANSWER: due to chance
An experimental study focuses on the effects that the amount of exercise has on the
number of calories consumed per day. The number of calories that a participant
consumes is represented by the ____. - ANSWER: Dependent variable
Dr. Crane is studying patients who are in the residual phase of schizophrenia. His
colleague, Dr. Mellus, takes detailed notes during a series of interviews and interactions
that Dr. Crane has with one such patient for later analysis. What research method are
these doctors employing? - ANSWER: case study
Dr. Harmon has conducted a study of social networks and health within an isolated
community. Which of the following would breach a research participant's right to
confidentiality? - ANSWER: Dr. Harmon stored the completed surveys and the key
linking names and code numbers on his laptop, to which only he and his wife have the
password.
WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS |GRADE A+.
What limited the understanding of the mind by early psychologists? - ANSWER:
They approached psychological questions from their own sociocultural context.
The psychological perspective that examines the normal changes in behavior, which
occur across the life span, is called ____. - ANSWER: developmental psychology
Kevin Boyack and his colleagues generated a map of sciences, similar to a map of
friendship networks on social media, by using ____. - ANSWER: reference lists in
journal articles
Eric has held a part-time job in a community mental health center throughout college.
He values his interactions with the clients and is known for remaining calm during high
stress situations at the clinic. He may be most interested in the ____ track of psychology.
- ANSWER: clinical or counseling
A leading humanistic thinker who introduced a major theory of motivation with a goal
of self-actualization was ____. - ANSWER: Abraham Maslow
William James' impact on contemporary psychology is evidenced by the fact that
functionalism ____. - ANSWER: was absorbed into mainstream psychology
The psychological perspective that examines the effects of one's environment on the
behavior of individuals is called ____ psychology. - ANSWER: social
Ancient Greek philosophers ____. - ANSWER: provided natural explanations for
their observations
Which of the following pairs of psychological approaches would be considered the
"most opposite"? - ANSWER: structuralism and Gestalt psychology
,Although the bulk of psychology focuses on human behavior, studying animal behavior
has been an essential part of the discipline that allows for ____. - ANSWER: making
essential comparisons with humans
In what way did ancient physicians contribute to contemporary psychology? -
ANSWER: by studying the nervous system and developing the scientific method
Valerie recently lost her sister to suicide. She is having difficulty sleeping, feels hopeless
about the future, and is easily startled or frightened. Her doctor recommends that she
participate in a discussion group led by a social worker to connect with others who are
going through a similar experience. Which approach to psychological disorders does
this exemplify? - ANSWER: the psychological model
Harold is trying to decide between teaching at the nearby community college or
obtaining a therapist's license. What is the minimum degree required for these
positions? - ANSWER: master's degree
Entering the 21st century and armed with in-depth research results compiled in the
various perspectives, psychologists are returning to ____. - ANSWER: a more
comprehensive view of the mind
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes is called ____. - ANSWER:
psychology
Which of the following statements is an example of humanistic influence? -
ANSWER: "I hear what you're saying."
Which of the following is an application of Skinner's behaviorism? - ANSWER: Doug
needs to lose a few pounds, and has a rule that if he eats a dessert, he must go for a 5-
mile run.
Alejandro is developing a preliminary research study to address the question of
whether 4-year-olds who are asked to delay gratification (e.g., to delay eating candy)
perform differently in solitude than with other 4-year-olds. Which combination of
research perspectives would be best for this preliminary study? - ANSWER:
developmental psychology and social psychology
,Edward has a fear of being contaminated when shaking hands with others, touching
doorknobs, and being in crowded public spaces, such as subway cars. He washes his
hands roughly 100 times a day. His doctor has recently prescribed an antidepressant to
increase his level of serotonin. Which approach to psychological disorders does this
exemplify? - ANSWER: the medical model
It is difficult for others to confirm an individual's subjective introspections; therefore,
this approach does not lend itself well to ____. - ANSWER: the scientific method
Callie's data set regarding the working conditions and stress levels of domestic workers
contains housing expenses. The average is surprisingly low, but then she realizes that
many workers are live-in employees and report zero housing expense. A more useful
measure of central tendency that would not be as impacted by these extreme, outlying
scores would be the ____. - ANSWER: median
Permission obtained from a research participant after the risks and benefits of an
experimental procedure have been thoroughly explained is called ____. - ANSWER:
informed consent
A group of participants that is exposed to the independent variable is called a(n) ____. -
ANSWER: experimental group
Professor Scott conducts research on teenage risk-taking behavior. He would like to
develop a hypothesis on the parental influence on teenage risk-taking at the extreme end
of the spectrum, with a focus on teenagers who sail around the world alone. Would a
case study be an appropriate first step, and why or why not? - ANSWER: Yes,
because teenage circumnavigators are rare and the data will help generate new, or
possibly falsify existing, hypotheses.
The process of having other scientists who are experts examine research prior to its
publication is called ____. - ANSWER: peer review
The text described a survey that asked a representative sample of middle school
students to respond to 17 motives for playing violent video games on a four-point scale.
Surprisingly, around 20% of boys indicated that they liked to play these games in order
to ____. - ANSWER: help get their anger out
, A method for assessing age-related changes that combines the cross-sectional and
longitudinal approaches by observing a cross-section of participants over a relatively
limited period of time is called a ____. - ANSWER: mixed longitudinal study
Random assignment is the procedure in which each participant's chance of being
assigned to any group in an experiment is ____. - ANSWER: Equal
According to the American Psychological Association's guidelines, research animals
____. - ANSWER: may be euthanized in accordance with veterinary standards
Which correlational coefficient represents the strongest relationship? - ANSWER: -
.95
Professor Frankel is an editor for a psychology journal. She is considering which
submissions to send out for peer review. Which of the following submissions is likely to
receive the strongest consideration based on its research methods? - ANSWER: a
professor from Utah who used well-established methods
Like most sciences, psychology has accepted as a standard for statistical significance the
odds of 5 out of 100 that an observed result is ____. - ANSWER: due to chance
An experimental study focuses on the effects that the amount of exercise has on the
number of calories consumed per day. The number of calories that a participant
consumes is represented by the ____. - ANSWER: Dependent variable
Dr. Crane is studying patients who are in the residual phase of schizophrenia. His
colleague, Dr. Mellus, takes detailed notes during a series of interviews and interactions
that Dr. Crane has with one such patient for later analysis. What research method are
these doctors employing? - ANSWER: case study
Dr. Harmon has conducted a study of social networks and health within an isolated
community. Which of the following would breach a research participant's right to
confidentiality? - ANSWER: Dr. Harmon stored the completed surveys and the key
linking names and code numbers on his laptop, to which only he and his wife have the
password.
