ELEMENTARY STATISTICS Picturing
The World 6th Edition by Larson
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Table of content
wqThewqMarketplacewqtowqBuywqandwqSellwqyourwqStudywqMaterial
wq wq
CHAPTER. 1 Introduction to Statistics ................................................................................................4
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1.1 An Overview of Statistics ..................................................................................................................................... 4
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1.2 Data Classification ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
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1.3 Data Collection and Experimental Design ..................................................................................................... 7
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CHAPTER. 2 Descriptive Statistics ........................................................................................................ 13
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2.1 Frequency Distributions and Their Graphs................................................................................................. 13
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2.2 More Graphs and Displays ................................................................................................................................ 19
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2.3 Measures of Central Tendency ........................................................................................................................ 25
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2.4 Measures of Variation .......................................................................................................................................... 33
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2.5 Measures of Position............................................................................................................................................. 43
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CHAPTER. 3 Probability ............................................................................................................................... 73
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3.1 Basic Concepts of Probability and Counting ............................................................................................. 73
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3.2 Conditional Probability and the Multiplication Rule ................................................................................ 82
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3.3 The Addition Rule .................................................................................................................................................. 86
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3.4 Additional Topics in Probability and Counting ......................................................................................... 94
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CHAPTER. 4 Discrete Probability Distributions ......................................................................... 103
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4.1 Probability Distributions ...................................................................................................................................... 103
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4.2 Binomial Distributions ......................................................................................................................................... 111
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4.3 More Discrete Probability Distributions ....................................................................................................... 118
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CHAPTER. 5 Normal Probability Distributions ........................................................................... 128
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5.1 Introduction to Normal Distributions and the Standard Normal Distribution......................... 128
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5.2 Normal Distributions: Finding Probabilities ............................................................................................... 132
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5.3 Normal Distributions: Finding Values .......................................................................................................... 134
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5.4 Sampling Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem .................................................................... 139
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5.5 Normal Approximations to Binomial Distributions ................................................................................ 144
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CHAPTER. 6 Confidence Intervals ..................................................................................................... 155
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6.1 Confidence Intervals for the Mean (Large Samples) ......................................................................... 155
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6.2 Confidence Intervals for the Mean (Small Samples)......................................................................... 158
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6.3 Confidence Intervals for Population Proportions ................................................................................... 161
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6.4 Confidence Intervals for Variance and Standard Deviation ............................................................ 164
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CHAPTER. 7 Hypothesis Testing with One Sample ............................................................... 172
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7.1 Introduction to Hypothesis Testing.............................................................................................................. 172
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7.2 Hypothesis Testing for the Mean (Large Samples) ............................................................................ 176
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7.3 Hypothesis Testing for the Mean (Small Samples) ............................................................................ 179
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7.4 Hypothesis Testing for Proportions .............................................................................................................. 183
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7.5 Hypothesis Testing for Variance and Standard Deviation ............................................................... 185
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CHAPTER. 8 Hypothesis Testing with Two Samples ............................................................ 199
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8.1 Testing the Difference Between Means (Large Independent Samples) ..................................... 199
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8.2 Testing the Difference Between Means (Small Independent Samples) ..................................... 209
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8.3 Testing the Difference Between Means (Dependent Samples) ...................................................... 218
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8.4 Testing the Difference Between Proportions ........................................................................................... 225
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CHAPTER. 9 Correlation and Regression ...................................................................................... 236
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9.1 Correlation ................................................................................................................................................................ 236
9.2 Linear Regression ................................................................................................................................................. 245
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9.3 Measures of Regression and Prediction Intervals ................................................................................ 256
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9.4 Multiple Regression .............................................................................................................................................. 264
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CHAPTER. 10 Chi-Square Tests and the F-Distribution ...................................................... 274
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10.1 Goodness-of-Fit Test ....................................................................................................................................... 274
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10.2 Independence ....................................................................................................................................................... 282
10.3 Comparing Two Variances ............................................................................................................................. 292
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10.4 Analysis of Variance ......................................................................................................................................... 300
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CHAPTER. 11 Nonparametric Tests................................................................................................... 319
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11.1 The Sign Test ..................................................................................................................................................... 319
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11.2 The Wilcoxon Tests ........................................................................................................................................... 327
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Copyrightw q ©w q 2012w q Pearsonw q Educati
on,w q I
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11.3 The Kruskal-Wallis Test
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The Marketplace
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wq wq to Buy and Sell your Study Material
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333
11.4 Rank Correlation ................................................................................................................................................. 337
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11.5 The Runs Test .................................................................................................................................................... 344
wq wq
Copyrightw q ©w q 2012w q Pearsonw q Educati
on,w q I
Downloadedwqby:wqProfTrevorswhitewq|wqmoseskariuki2004@gmail.c Wantwqtowqearnwq$1.2
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Distributionwqofwqthiswqdocumentwqiswqillegal extrawqperwqyear?
, Stuvia.comwq-
wqThewqMarketplacewqtowqBuywqandwqSellwqyourwqStudywqMaterial
CHAPTER. 1 Introduction to Statistics
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1.1 An Overview of Statistics
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1 Distinguishw q Betweenw q aw q Populationw q andw q aw q Sample
ANSWER. w q Writew q thew q wordw q orw q phrasew q thatw q bestw q completesw q eachw q statementw q orw q answersw q thew q questio
n.
Identifyw q thew q populationw q andw q thew q sample.
1) Aw q surveyw q ofw q 1378w q Americanw q householdsw q foundw q thatw q 27%w q ofw q thew q householdsw q ownw q aw q comput
er.
2) Whenw q 1094w q Americanw q householdsw q werew q surveyed,w q itw q wasw q foundw q thatw q 67%w q ofw q themw q ownedw q
twow q cars.
3) Aw q surveyw q ofw q 2625w q elementaryw q schoolw q childrenw q foundw q thatw q 28%w q ofw q thew q childrenw q couldw q bew q
classifiedw q aswqobese.
2 Distinguishw q Betweenw q aw q Parameterw q andw q aw q Statistic
ANSWER. w q Writew q thew q wordw q orw q phrasew q thatw q bestw q completesw q eachw q statementw q orw q answersw q thew q questio
n.
Determinew q whetherw q thew q numericalw q valuew q isw q aw q parameterw q orw q aw q statistic.w q Explainw q yourw q re
asoning.
4) Aw q recentw q surveyw q byw q thew q alumniw q ofw q aw q majorw q universityw q indicatedw q thatw q thew q average
w q salaryw q ofwq10,500wqofwqitswq17wq5,000w q graduatesw q wasw q $95,000.
5) Thew q averagew q salaryw q ofw q allw q assemblywq -
linew q employeesw q atw q aw q certainw q carw q manufacturerw q isw q $41,000..
6) Aw q surveyw q ofw q 1162w q studentsw q wasw q takenw q fromw q aw q universityw q withw q 10,000w q students.
3 Distinguishw q Betweenw q Descriptivew q Statisticsw q andw q Inferentialw q Statistics
MULTIPLEw q CHOICE.w q Choosew q thew q onew q alternativew q thatw q bestw q completesw q thew q statementw q orw q answersw q thew q
question.
Identifyw q whetherw q thew q statementw q describesw q inferentialw q statisticsw q orw q descriptivew q statistics.
7) Thew q averagew q agew q ofw q thew q studentsw q inw q aw q statisticsw q classw q isw q 19w q years.
A) descriptivew q statistics B)w q inferentialw q statistics
8) Thew q chancesw q ofw q winningw q thew q Californiaw q Lotteryw q arew q onew q chancew q inw q twenty-twow q million.
A) inferentialw q statistics B)w q descriptivew q statistics
9) Therew q isw q aw q relationshipw q betweenw q smokingw q cigarettesw q andw q gettingw q emphysema.
A) inferentialw q statistics B)w q descriptivew q statistics
10) Fromw q pastw q figures,w q itw q isw q predictedw q thatw q 19%w q ofw q thew q registeredw q votersw q inw q Californiaw q willw
q votew q inw q thewqJunewqprimary.
A) inferentialw q statistics B)w q descriptivew q statistics
11) Basedwqonwqpreviouswqclients,w q awqmarriagewqcounselorwqconcludeswqthatwqthewqmajority
wqofw q marriagesw q thatw q beginwqwithw q cohabitationw q beforew q marriagew q willw q resultw
q inw q divorce.
A) inferentialw q statistics B)w q descriptivew q statistics
4 Concepts
ANSWER. w q Writew q thew q wordw q orw q phrasew q thatw q bestw q completesw q eachw q statementw q orw q answersw q thew q questio
n.
Providew q anw q appropriatew q response.
12) Explainw q thew q differencew q betweenw q aw q samplew q andw q aw q population.
Copyrightw q ©w q 2012w q Pearsonw q Educati
on,w q I
Downloadedwqby:wqProfTrevorswhitewq|wqmoseskariuki2004@gmail.c Wantwqtowqearnwq$1.2
om 36
Distributionwqofwqthiswqdocumentwqiswqillegal extrawqperwqyear?
The World 6th Edition by Larson
Downloaded by: ProfTrevorswhite | Want to earn $1.236
Distribution of this document is illegal extra per year?
, Stuvia.comwq-
Table of content
wqThewqMarketplacewqtowqBuywqandwqSellwqyourwqStudywqMaterial
wq wq
CHAPTER. 1 Introduction to Statistics ................................................................................................4
wq w q wq wq
1.1 An Overview of Statistics ..................................................................................................................................... 4
wq wq wq
1.2 Data Classification ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
wq
1.3 Data Collection and Experimental Design ..................................................................................................... 7
wq wq wq wq
CHAPTER. 2 Descriptive Statistics ........................................................................................................ 13
wq w q wq
2.1 Frequency Distributions and Their Graphs................................................................................................. 13
wq wq wq wq
2.2 More Graphs and Displays ................................................................................................................................ 19
wq wq wq
2.3 Measures of Central Tendency ........................................................................................................................ 25
wq wq wq
2.4 Measures of Variation .......................................................................................................................................... 33
wq wq
2.5 Measures of Position............................................................................................................................................. 43
wq wq
CHAPTER. 3 Probability ............................................................................................................................... 73
wq w q
3.1 Basic Concepts of Probability and Counting ............................................................................................. 73
wq wq wq wq wq
3.2 Conditional Probability and the Multiplication Rule ................................................................................ 82
wq wq wq wq wq
3.3 The Addition Rule .................................................................................................................................................. 86
wq wq
3.4 Additional Topics in Probability and Counting ......................................................................................... 94
wq wq wq wq wq
CHAPTER. 4 Discrete Probability Distributions ......................................................................... 103
wq w q wq wq
4.1 Probability Distributions ...................................................................................................................................... 103
wq
4.2 Binomial Distributions ......................................................................................................................................... 111
wq
4.3 More Discrete Probability Distributions ....................................................................................................... 118
wq wq wq
CHAPTER. 5 Normal Probability Distributions ........................................................................... 128
wq w q wq wq
5.1 Introduction to Normal Distributions and the Standard Normal Distribution......................... 128
wq wq wq wq wq wq wq wq
5.2 Normal Distributions: Finding Probabilities ............................................................................................... 132
wq wq wq
5.3 Normal Distributions: Finding Values .......................................................................................................... 134
wq wq wq
5.4 Sampling Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem .................................................................... 139
wq wq wq wq wq wq
5.5 Normal Approximations to Binomial Distributions ................................................................................ 144
wq wq wq wq
CHAPTER. 6 Confidence Intervals ..................................................................................................... 155
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6.1 Confidence Intervals for the Mean (Large Samples) ......................................................................... 155
wq wq wq wq wq wq
6.2 Confidence Intervals for the Mean (Small Samples)......................................................................... 158
wq wq wq wq wq wq
6.3 Confidence Intervals for Population Proportions ................................................................................... 161
wq wq wq wq
6.4 Confidence Intervals for Variance and Standard Deviation ............................................................ 164
wq wq wq wq wq wq
CHAPTER. 7 Hypothesis Testing with One Sample ............................................................... 172
wq w q wq wq wq wq
7.1 Introduction to Hypothesis Testing.............................................................................................................. 172
wq wq wq
7.2 Hypothesis Testing for the Mean (Large Samples) ............................................................................ 176
wq wq wq wq wq wq
7.3 Hypothesis Testing for the Mean (Small Samples) ............................................................................ 179
wq wq wq wq wq wq
7.4 Hypothesis Testing for Proportions .............................................................................................................. 183
wq wq wq
7.5 Hypothesis Testing for Variance and Standard Deviation ............................................................... 185
wq wq wq wq wq wq
CHAPTER. 8 Hypothesis Testing with Two Samples ............................................................ 199
wq w q wq wq wq wq
8.1 Testing the Difference Between Means (Large Independent Samples) ..................................... 199
wq wq wq wq wq wq wq
8.2 Testing the Difference Between Means (Small Independent Samples) ..................................... 209
wq wq wq wq wq wq wq
8.3 Testing the Difference Between Means (Dependent Samples) ...................................................... 218
wq wq wq wq wq wq
8.4 Testing the Difference Between Proportions ........................................................................................... 225
wq wq wq wq
CHAPTER. 9 Correlation and Regression ...................................................................................... 236
wq w q wq wq
9.1 Correlation ................................................................................................................................................................ 236
9.2 Linear Regression ................................................................................................................................................. 245
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9.3 Measures of Regression and Prediction Intervals ................................................................................ 256
wq wq wq wq wq
9.4 Multiple Regression .............................................................................................................................................. 264
wq
CHAPTER. 10 Chi-Square Tests and the F-Distribution ...................................................... 274
wq w q wq wq wq wq
10.1 Goodness-of-Fit Test ....................................................................................................................................... 274
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10.2 Independence ....................................................................................................................................................... 282
10.3 Comparing Two Variances ............................................................................................................................. 292
wq wq
10.4 Analysis of Variance ......................................................................................................................................... 300
wq wq
CHAPTER. 11 Nonparametric Tests................................................................................................... 319
wq w q wq
11.1 The Sign Test ..................................................................................................................................................... 319
wq wq
11.2 The Wilcoxon Tests ........................................................................................................................................... 327
wq wq
Copyrightw q ©w q 2012w q Pearsonw q Educati
on,w q I
Downloadedwqby:wqProfTrevorswhitewq|wqmoseskariuki2004@gmail.c Wantwqtowqearnwq$1.2
om 36
Distributionwqofwqthiswqdocumentwqiswqillegal extrawqperwqyear?
, Stuvia.comwq-
11.3 The Kruskal-Wallis Test
wq .................................................................................................................................
The Marketplace
wq
wq wq to Buy and Sell your Study Material
wq wq wq wq wq wq wq
333
11.4 Rank Correlation ................................................................................................................................................. 337
wq
11.5 The Runs Test .................................................................................................................................................... 344
wq wq
Copyrightw q ©w q 2012w q Pearsonw q Educati
on,w q I
Downloadedwqby:wqProfTrevorswhitewq|wqmoseskariuki2004@gmail.c Wantwqtowqearnwq$1.2
om 36
Distributionwqofwqthiswqdocumentwqiswqillegal extrawqperwqyear?
, Stuvia.comwq-
wqThewqMarketplacewqtowqBuywqandwqSellwqyourwqStudywqMaterial
CHAPTER. 1 Introduction to Statistics
wq w q wq wq
1.1 An Overview of Statistics
wq wq wq
1 Distinguishw q Betweenw q aw q Populationw q andw q aw q Sample
ANSWER. w q Writew q thew q wordw q orw q phrasew q thatw q bestw q completesw q eachw q statementw q orw q answersw q thew q questio
n.
Identifyw q thew q populationw q andw q thew q sample.
1) Aw q surveyw q ofw q 1378w q Americanw q householdsw q foundw q thatw q 27%w q ofw q thew q householdsw q ownw q aw q comput
er.
2) Whenw q 1094w q Americanw q householdsw q werew q surveyed,w q itw q wasw q foundw q thatw q 67%w q ofw q themw q ownedw q
twow q cars.
3) Aw q surveyw q ofw q 2625w q elementaryw q schoolw q childrenw q foundw q thatw q 28%w q ofw q thew q childrenw q couldw q bew q
classifiedw q aswqobese.
2 Distinguishw q Betweenw q aw q Parameterw q andw q aw q Statistic
ANSWER. w q Writew q thew q wordw q orw q phrasew q thatw q bestw q completesw q eachw q statementw q orw q answersw q thew q questio
n.
Determinew q whetherw q thew q numericalw q valuew q isw q aw q parameterw q orw q aw q statistic.w q Explainw q yourw q re
asoning.
4) Aw q recentw q surveyw q byw q thew q alumniw q ofw q aw q majorw q universityw q indicatedw q thatw q thew q average
w q salaryw q ofwq10,500wqofwqitswq17wq5,000w q graduatesw q wasw q $95,000.
5) Thew q averagew q salaryw q ofw q allw q assemblywq -
linew q employeesw q atw q aw q certainw q carw q manufacturerw q isw q $41,000..
6) Aw q surveyw q ofw q 1162w q studentsw q wasw q takenw q fromw q aw q universityw q withw q 10,000w q students.
3 Distinguishw q Betweenw q Descriptivew q Statisticsw q andw q Inferentialw q Statistics
MULTIPLEw q CHOICE.w q Choosew q thew q onew q alternativew q thatw q bestw q completesw q thew q statementw q orw q answersw q thew q
question.
Identifyw q whetherw q thew q statementw q describesw q inferentialw q statisticsw q orw q descriptivew q statistics.
7) Thew q averagew q agew q ofw q thew q studentsw q inw q aw q statisticsw q classw q isw q 19w q years.
A) descriptivew q statistics B)w q inferentialw q statistics
8) Thew q chancesw q ofw q winningw q thew q Californiaw q Lotteryw q arew q onew q chancew q inw q twenty-twow q million.
A) inferentialw q statistics B)w q descriptivew q statistics
9) Therew q isw q aw q relationshipw q betweenw q smokingw q cigarettesw q andw q gettingw q emphysema.
A) inferentialw q statistics B)w q descriptivew q statistics
10) Fromw q pastw q figures,w q itw q isw q predictedw q thatw q 19%w q ofw q thew q registeredw q votersw q inw q Californiaw q willw
q votew q inw q thewqJunewqprimary.
A) inferentialw q statistics B)w q descriptivew q statistics
11) Basedwqonwqpreviouswqclients,w q awqmarriagewqcounselorwqconcludeswqthatwqthewqmajority
wqofw q marriagesw q thatw q beginwqwithw q cohabitationw q beforew q marriagew q willw q resultw
q inw q divorce.
A) inferentialw q statistics B)w q descriptivew q statistics
4 Concepts
ANSWER. w q Writew q thew q wordw q orw q phrasew q thatw q bestw q completesw q eachw q statementw q orw q answersw q thew q questio
n.
Providew q anw q appropriatew q response.
12) Explainw q thew q differencew q betweenw q aw q samplew q andw q aw q population.
Copyrightw q ©w q 2012w q Pearsonw q Educati
on,w q I
Downloadedwqby:wqProfTrevorswhitewq|wqmoseskariuki2004@gmail.c Wantwqtowqearnwq$1.2
om 36
Distributionwqofwqthiswqdocumentwqiswqillegal extrawqperwqyear?
