URINARY DPW.
Perfect Prep for Every Paper | Precision in Every Answer!
What is the primary organ of the urinary system? - Answer: The kidney
What is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for forming urine? - Answer:
Nephron
How many nephrons are typically found in one kidney? - Answer: Over 1 million
nephrons
What are the three layers of the bladder? - Answer: Mucosa (inner), Detrusor muscle
(middle), Adventitia (outer)
What type of muscle is the detrusor muscle? - Answer: Smooth muscle
What triggers the contraction of the detrusor muscle during urination? - Answer:
Stretching of the bladder signals the nervous system
What is the micturition reflex? - Answer: The reflex that regulates urination through the
contraction of the detrusor muscle and relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter
What is the role of the internal and external urethral sphincters during urination? -
Answer: The internal sphincter relaxes involuntarily, while the external sphincter is under
voluntary control
What is the primary goal of urine production? - Answer: To maintain homeostasis by
regulating blood volume and composition
What percentage of total cardiac output do the kidneys receive? - Answer: 20-25%
1
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, What is the average blood flow through the kidneys per minute? - Answer: 1200 mL
What is the role of Bowman's capsule? - Answer: It surrounds the glomerulus and is
where glomerular filtration occurs
What is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for women and men? - Answer: Averages
115 mL/min in women and 125 mL/min in men
What is the significance of the slit diaphragms in the glomerulus? - Answer: They repel
negatively charged proteins, preventing them from entering the filtrate
What is the average daily volume of urine excreted? - Answer: 1-2 liters
What is obligatory water loss? - Answer: The minimum of 400 mL/day of urine
necessary to excrete metabolic wastes
What is reabsorption in the context of the nephron? - Answer: The transport of
molecules from the tubular filtrate back into the blood
What percentage of Na+, Cl-, and H2O is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule
(PCT)? - Answer: About 65%
What is the osmolality of the medulla interstitial fluid compared to plasma? - Answer:
1200-1400 mOsm in medulla vs. 300 mOsm in plasma
What is the function of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle? - Answer: It is
impermeable to water but permeable to salt
What is the importance of the concentration gradient in the kidney? - Answer: It allows
for the reabsorption of water by creating a hypertonic environment in the medulla
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
Perfect Prep for Every Paper | Precision in Every Answer!
What is the primary organ of the urinary system? - Answer: The kidney
What is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for forming urine? - Answer:
Nephron
How many nephrons are typically found in one kidney? - Answer: Over 1 million
nephrons
What are the three layers of the bladder? - Answer: Mucosa (inner), Detrusor muscle
(middle), Adventitia (outer)
What type of muscle is the detrusor muscle? - Answer: Smooth muscle
What triggers the contraction of the detrusor muscle during urination? - Answer:
Stretching of the bladder signals the nervous system
What is the micturition reflex? - Answer: The reflex that regulates urination through the
contraction of the detrusor muscle and relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter
What is the role of the internal and external urethral sphincters during urination? -
Answer: The internal sphincter relaxes involuntarily, while the external sphincter is under
voluntary control
What is the primary goal of urine production? - Answer: To maintain homeostasis by
regulating blood volume and composition
What percentage of total cardiac output do the kidneys receive? - Answer: 20-25%
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, What is the average blood flow through the kidneys per minute? - Answer: 1200 mL
What is the role of Bowman's capsule? - Answer: It surrounds the glomerulus and is
where glomerular filtration occurs
What is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for women and men? - Answer: Averages
115 mL/min in women and 125 mL/min in men
What is the significance of the slit diaphragms in the glomerulus? - Answer: They repel
negatively charged proteins, preventing them from entering the filtrate
What is the average daily volume of urine excreted? - Answer: 1-2 liters
What is obligatory water loss? - Answer: The minimum of 400 mL/day of urine
necessary to excrete metabolic wastes
What is reabsorption in the context of the nephron? - Answer: The transport of
molecules from the tubular filtrate back into the blood
What percentage of Na+, Cl-, and H2O is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule
(PCT)? - Answer: About 65%
What is the osmolality of the medulla interstitial fluid compared to plasma? - Answer:
1200-1400 mOsm in medulla vs. 300 mOsm in plasma
What is the function of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle? - Answer: It is
impermeable to water but permeable to salt
What is the importance of the concentration gradient in the kidney? - Answer: It allows
for the reabsorption of water by creating a hypertonic environment in the medulla
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
