BIOS 251 EXAM 2 REVIEW 2025 |
HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
UPDATED SOLUTION GRADED A+
Cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of
chromosomes - correct answer Mitosis
The resting phase of mitosis. Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for
division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases - correct answer Interphase
Cells that have left the cycle and cease dividing for a long time (or permanently) - correct
answer G Zero (G0) Phase
The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase
before DNA synthesis begins. - correct answer G1 Phase
The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is
replicated. - correct answer S Phase
The second gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase
after DNA synthesis occurs.
Growth and preparation for mitosis - correct answer G2 Phase
First and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible and the
centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus - correct
answer Prophase
Second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
- correct answer Metaphase
The third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward
opposite poles - correct answer Anaphase
The final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the chromatids
or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed. - correct
answer Telophase
, Division of the cytoplasm during cell division - correct answer Cytokinesis
Cell division that produces reproductive cells (gametes) in sexually reproducing organisms -
correct answer Meiosis
Compare and Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis - correct answer Mitosis produces two diploid
(2n) somatic cells that are genetically identical to each other and the original parent cell,
whereas meiosis produces four haploid (n) gametes that are genetically unique from each
other and the original parent (germ) cell.
Number of Chromosomes in Humans... - correct answer 46
Haploid Number of Chromosomes In Humans - correct answer 23
Control center of the cell; a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for
growth and reproduction - correct answer Nucleus
Processes and transports proteins made at attached ribosomes; synthesizes phospholipids -
correct answer Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Fatty acid and steroid synthesis; detoxifies toxic substances - correct answer Smooth
Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
A cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell -
correct answer Golgi Complex
Cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell -
correct answer Lysosomes
Produce hydrogen peroxide, detoxifies harmful substances, oxidizes fatty acids, and protects
cell from free radicals - correct answer Peroxisomes
- Hollow, cylindrical organelle that disposes of unnecessary and damaged proteins
- Contain enzymes that break down tagged, targeted proteins into short peptides and amino
acids - correct answer Proteasomes
- Located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division
- Form mitotic spindle during mitosis - correct answer Centrioles
A structure in cells containing two centrioles from which the spindle fibers develop and
organized - correct answer Centrosome
Point of growth for cilium or flagellum - correct answer Basal Body
Cell component responsible for energy production; powerhouse of the cell - correct answer
Mitochondria
Organelle responsible for protein synthesis - correct answer Ribosomes
HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
UPDATED SOLUTION GRADED A+
Cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of
chromosomes - correct answer Mitosis
The resting phase of mitosis. Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for
division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases - correct answer Interphase
Cells that have left the cycle and cease dividing for a long time (or permanently) - correct
answer G Zero (G0) Phase
The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase
before DNA synthesis begins. - correct answer G1 Phase
The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is
replicated. - correct answer S Phase
The second gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase
after DNA synthesis occurs.
Growth and preparation for mitosis - correct answer G2 Phase
First and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible and the
centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus - correct
answer Prophase
Second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
- correct answer Metaphase
The third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward
opposite poles - correct answer Anaphase
The final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the chromatids
or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed. - correct
answer Telophase
, Division of the cytoplasm during cell division - correct answer Cytokinesis
Cell division that produces reproductive cells (gametes) in sexually reproducing organisms -
correct answer Meiosis
Compare and Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis - correct answer Mitosis produces two diploid
(2n) somatic cells that are genetically identical to each other and the original parent cell,
whereas meiosis produces four haploid (n) gametes that are genetically unique from each
other and the original parent (germ) cell.
Number of Chromosomes in Humans... - correct answer 46
Haploid Number of Chromosomes In Humans - correct answer 23
Control center of the cell; a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for
growth and reproduction - correct answer Nucleus
Processes and transports proteins made at attached ribosomes; synthesizes phospholipids -
correct answer Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Fatty acid and steroid synthesis; detoxifies toxic substances - correct answer Smooth
Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
A cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell -
correct answer Golgi Complex
Cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell -
correct answer Lysosomes
Produce hydrogen peroxide, detoxifies harmful substances, oxidizes fatty acids, and protects
cell from free radicals - correct answer Peroxisomes
- Hollow, cylindrical organelle that disposes of unnecessary and damaged proteins
- Contain enzymes that break down tagged, targeted proteins into short peptides and amino
acids - correct answer Proteasomes
- Located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division
- Form mitotic spindle during mitosis - correct answer Centrioles
A structure in cells containing two centrioles from which the spindle fibers develop and
organized - correct answer Centrosome
Point of growth for cilium or flagellum - correct answer Basal Body
Cell component responsible for energy production; powerhouse of the cell - correct answer
Mitochondria
Organelle responsible for protein synthesis - correct answer Ribosomes
