NUR 3125 FLUID & ELECTROLYTE, ACID-BASE BALANCE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS

chronic kidney disease blood gas difference


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- may not reabsorb bicarb the way they're supposed to
- chronically low bicarb levels




3 fluid locations in body


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1. intracellular
2. extracellular -> intravascular (in blood/plasma)
3. extracellular -> interstitial (space btwn cells, outside of blood vessels)

,ABG practice 2: pH 7.31, CO2 34, HCO3 21


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partially compensated metabolic acidosis




hyponatremia


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LOW sodium in blood (<135)
can be from severe vomiting
- weakness
- confusion
- DEPRESSED REFLEXES
- seizures
- HYPOtension
- hypochloremia




compensation trick for ABG


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- FULLY compensated = pH normal (if on lower end = acidosis, if on higher
end = alkalosis)
- PARTIALLY compensated = ALL 3 values abnormal
- UNcompensated = pH abnormal, one of the other is normal and the other
is abnormal

, hyperkalemia


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EXCESS potassium in blood
- acute ACIDOSIS!
- muscle weakness
- loss of muscle tone
- cardiac dysrhythmias (ventricular fib)
- PEAKED T WAVE
- diarrhea, hyperactivity of bowels




hyperchloremia


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EXCESS chloride in blood
- GI losses (diarrhea)
- excessive thirst
- dry mucous membranes
- hypernatremia (& similar symptoms)
- weakness
- HTN
- metabolic acidosis (losing bicarb -> increased acidity)




carbonic acid-bicarb buffering system (lungs + kidney function)


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- LUNGS QUICK! -- rapid, but limited -- can quickly blow off CO2 by
breathing faster