BIOL 546 Final Exam Review (Exams 2
and 3) questions 2025/2026
Your patient has advanced stage cancer and her liver is starting to fail. One consequence is
markedly reduced plasma proteins. In what way might this affect her endocrine system? -
correct answer ✔✔A reduction in the rate of hydrophobic hormones like steroid and thyroid
hormones reaching their target tissues.
Which of the following is a major metabolic effect of glucagon? - correct answer ✔✔Increased
glycogenolysis in liver
The function of the parathyroid glands is to: - correct answer ✔✔raise blood calcium level.
During a long illness, Terrell has not been eating much. As a result, his plasma Ca2+ levels
decrease. Which hormone would we expect to see in higher levels than usual in his blood? -
correct answer ✔✔Parathyroid hormone
One way that cells can increase their responsiveness to a hormone is by - correct answer
✔✔increasing the number of their transmembrane receptors
Sarah is a type 1 diabetic who forgot to bring her insulin today. By the end of the day, Sarah is
not feeling well. She stops at the campus health center on her way back to her dorm, where
they run a few tests on her blood. Which of these test results is likely? - correct answer
✔✔Hyperglycemia
Designing a drug that blocked the release of eicosanoids would be an effective therapy for
blood pain and inflammation. - correct answer ✔✔TRUE
, Epinephrine activates the cyclic AMP pathway in liver cells. In this example, epinephrine is a
____________ and c-AMP is a _____________. - correct answer ✔✔hormone, second
messenger
If the adrenal glands were removed from a patient, his plasma cortisol levels would ________,
secretion of CRH by the ________ would ________, and secretion of ACTH by the ________
would ________. GOOD - correct answer ✔✔decrease; hypothalamus; increase; anterior
pituitary gland; increase
Which hormone is NOT directly or indirectly controlled by the central nervous system? - correct
answer ✔✔glucagon
You have discovered a novel steroid hormone. You'd like to isolate its receptor as part of your
next project. Where should you look first? - correct answer ✔✔In the cytoplasm
With regard to the action of hormones and neurotransmitters on cellular receptors, which of
these describes ""amplification""? - correct answer ✔✔A single hormone molecule activates
multiple second-messenger molecules, each of which activate thousands of enzymes.
You are designing an experiment to quantify the levels of stress experienced by different
individuals. Which of the following tests would reveal insight as to a patient's chronic stress? -
correct answer ✔✔Testing plasma levels of cortisol
The mode of action of insulin is by - correct answer ✔✔answers c and d.
Cardiac muscle cells exhibit a plateau phase instead of quickly replarizing. This is due to
________. - correct answer ✔✔inward diffusion of calcium through slow Ca2+ channels
Which of the following statements concerning the capillaries is FALSE? - correct answer
✔✔Increasing capillary blood pressure decreases the likelihood that filtration will occur.
and 3) questions 2025/2026
Your patient has advanced stage cancer and her liver is starting to fail. One consequence is
markedly reduced plasma proteins. In what way might this affect her endocrine system? -
correct answer ✔✔A reduction in the rate of hydrophobic hormones like steroid and thyroid
hormones reaching their target tissues.
Which of the following is a major metabolic effect of glucagon? - correct answer ✔✔Increased
glycogenolysis in liver
The function of the parathyroid glands is to: - correct answer ✔✔raise blood calcium level.
During a long illness, Terrell has not been eating much. As a result, his plasma Ca2+ levels
decrease. Which hormone would we expect to see in higher levels than usual in his blood? -
correct answer ✔✔Parathyroid hormone
One way that cells can increase their responsiveness to a hormone is by - correct answer
✔✔increasing the number of their transmembrane receptors
Sarah is a type 1 diabetic who forgot to bring her insulin today. By the end of the day, Sarah is
not feeling well. She stops at the campus health center on her way back to her dorm, where
they run a few tests on her blood. Which of these test results is likely? - correct answer
✔✔Hyperglycemia
Designing a drug that blocked the release of eicosanoids would be an effective therapy for
blood pain and inflammation. - correct answer ✔✔TRUE
, Epinephrine activates the cyclic AMP pathway in liver cells. In this example, epinephrine is a
____________ and c-AMP is a _____________. - correct answer ✔✔hormone, second
messenger
If the adrenal glands were removed from a patient, his plasma cortisol levels would ________,
secretion of CRH by the ________ would ________, and secretion of ACTH by the ________
would ________. GOOD - correct answer ✔✔decrease; hypothalamus; increase; anterior
pituitary gland; increase
Which hormone is NOT directly or indirectly controlled by the central nervous system? - correct
answer ✔✔glucagon
You have discovered a novel steroid hormone. You'd like to isolate its receptor as part of your
next project. Where should you look first? - correct answer ✔✔In the cytoplasm
With regard to the action of hormones and neurotransmitters on cellular receptors, which of
these describes ""amplification""? - correct answer ✔✔A single hormone molecule activates
multiple second-messenger molecules, each of which activate thousands of enzymes.
You are designing an experiment to quantify the levels of stress experienced by different
individuals. Which of the following tests would reveal insight as to a patient's chronic stress? -
correct answer ✔✔Testing plasma levels of cortisol
The mode of action of insulin is by - correct answer ✔✔answers c and d.
Cardiac muscle cells exhibit a plateau phase instead of quickly replarizing. This is due to
________. - correct answer ✔✔inward diffusion of calcium through slow Ca2+ channels
Which of the following statements concerning the capillaries is FALSE? - correct answer
✔✔Increasing capillary blood pressure decreases the likelihood that filtration will occur.
