NSG 316 FINAL EXAM:– Questions With Appropriate
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INBDE Orthodontics NBDE II Review - Prosthodontics Perio Study
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Terms in this set (244)
refers to the degree of balance b/t nutrient intake & nutrient
requirements
nutritional status
-affected by physiologic, psychosocial, developmental, cultural,
& economic factors
Achieved when sufficient nutrients are consumed to support
optimal nutritional status day-to-day body needs and any increased metabolic demands
due to growth, pregnancy, or illness
occurs when nutritional reserves are depleted and/or when
under nutritional status nutrient intake is inadequate to meet day-to-day needs or added
metabolic demands
Caused by consumption of nutrients, especially calories, sodium,
over nutritional status
and fat, in excess of body needs
defined as a BMI equal or greater than 85th percentile based on
child obesity age & gender
*16% of ages 2-19
defined as a BMI of 30 or greater
adult obesity
*over 70% in U.S
environment that encourages large portions of high-fat, energy
obesogenic environment dense foods & fails to encourage healthy behaviors such as
physical activity
adult emergence that increases risk of cardiac issues
metabolic syndrome -3 of 5 biomarkers = increase in BP, fasting plasma glucose,
triglycerides, waist circumference, low HDL cholesterol
aging = increased risk for undernutrition or overnutrition
malnutrition in older adults -risk factors: poor physical or mental health, social isolation,
alcoholism, limited functional ability, poverty, & polypharmacy
sarcopenia normal age related loss of muscle mass
sarcopenic obesity low muscle mass w/ excess fat
type of obesity:
monogenic obesity
-early onset severe obesity
type of obesity:
polygenic (common) obesity
-combination of genetic & environmental factors
, factors:
-cultural definition of food
- frequency & number of meals eaten away from home
cultural factors to consider
-form and content of ceremonial meals
-amounts & types of foods eaten & regularity of food
consumption
1st step = nutritional screening
parameters:
-weight & weight hx
nutritional assessment
-conditions associated w/ increased nutritional risk
-diet information
-routine lab data
tool available for screening malnutrition in adult acute-care
malnutrition screening tool
patients
mini nutritional assessment tool available for screening nutrition in older adults in long-term
(MNA) care & community settings
used for individuals identified at nutritional risk during screening
includes:
comprehensive nutritional
-diet hx & clinical information
assessment
-physical examination for clinical signs & anthropometric
measures
-lab tests
includes:
-number of meals/ snacks per day?
-type & amount of food eaten?
-fad, special, or alternative diets?
eating pattern questions
-where is food eaten?
-food preferences & dislikes ?
-religious or cultural restrictions ?
-able to feed self?
includes:
-what is your usual weight?
-how much lost or gained ?
usual weight questions - 20% below or above desirable weight?
-over what time period?
-recent weight change?
-reason for loss or gain?
-changes in appetite, taste, smell, chewing, swallowing
-recent surgery, trauma, burns, infection
-chronic illnesses
-N/V, diarrhea, constipation
subjective data: nutritional -Food allergies or intolerances
history -medications &/or nutritional nutritional supplements
-patient-centered care
-alcohol or illegal drug use
-exercise & activity patterns
-family hx
info:
older adults important -prior dietary hx in ages 40s and 50s
nutritional info -factors affecting present dietary intake
- vit. D & calcium intake
clinical signs of nutritional general appearance: obese, cachetic, or edematous
deficiencies *include lab tests & physical exam
anthropomorphic measures:
-percent usual body weight -formula calculation
derived weight measure
-BMI - practical marker of optimal weight for height and an
indicator of obesity or protein-calorie malnutrition
, anthropomorphic measure:
waist-to-hip ratio -assess body fast distribution as an indicator of health risk
*predicts health risks
anthropomorphic measure:
arm span (total arm length)
-useful in situations where height is difficult to measure
anthropomorphic measure:
serial assessment -made at routine intervals weekly, biweekly, or monthly,
dependent on patient population
cardinal features of this are individualized and based on realistic
patient goals but include:
-regular physical exercise 4-5 times per week for 30 min
long term weight loss
-eating low cal, low fat diet --> intake of 1400-1500 kcal/day ; fat
intake 20% - 25% of total cal
-monitoring daily food intake
protein calorie malnutrition
marasmus
-starved appearance
protein malnutrition
kwashiorkor
-well nourished appearance but edematous
Marasmus/kwashiorkor mix emaciated appearance
pellagra Niacin deficiency
scorbutic gums caused by vitamin c deficiency
follicular hyperkeratosis Vitamin A and/or linoleic acid deficiency
bitot spots vitamin A deficiency
rickets vitamin D deficiency & calcium deficiency
magenta tongue riboflavin deficiency
Diagnosed in the presence of 3/5 biomarkers:
-waist circumference
-glucose level above 100mg/dL or if being treated for
metabolic syndrome (METS) hypergylcemia
-HDL-C or being treated for hyperlipidemia
-triglycerides above 150 mg/dL or being treated for elevated TG
-HTN - systolic & diastolic parameters or being treated for it
consequences include:
-malabsorption of protein & calories --> must eat small & dense
meals
Bariatric surgery nutritional -malabsorption of vitamins & minerals --> take supplements
consequences -weight regain --> avoid excess intake of calorically dense/ liquid
foods
- obstruction --> avoid chunks of food that could cause a
blockage
quadrant contains liver, gallbladder, R kidney, adrenal gland ,
RUQ
part of ascending & transverse colon, pancreas head, duodenum,
quadrant contains stomach, spleen, L kidney & adrenal gland,
LUQ body of Pancreas, splenic flexure of colon, part of transverse &
descending colon, L lobe of liver
quadrant contains cecum, appendix, R ovary, R ureter, Colon, R
RLQ
spermatic cord
quadrant contains sigmoid colon, L ovary, sigmoid colon, L
LLQ
ureter, L spermatic cord
Midline part of abdomen that contains aorta, bladder, uterus, colon
Solutions Details
Save
Students also studied
INBDE Orthodontics NBDE II Review - Prosthodontics Perio Study
201 terms 69 terms Teacher 78 terms
dong_lee82 Preview melissa_jarvis7 Preview Hunter_Charters
Terms in this set (244)
refers to the degree of balance b/t nutrient intake & nutrient
requirements
nutritional status
-affected by physiologic, psychosocial, developmental, cultural,
& economic factors
Achieved when sufficient nutrients are consumed to support
optimal nutritional status day-to-day body needs and any increased metabolic demands
due to growth, pregnancy, or illness
occurs when nutritional reserves are depleted and/or when
under nutritional status nutrient intake is inadequate to meet day-to-day needs or added
metabolic demands
Caused by consumption of nutrients, especially calories, sodium,
over nutritional status
and fat, in excess of body needs
defined as a BMI equal or greater than 85th percentile based on
child obesity age & gender
*16% of ages 2-19
defined as a BMI of 30 or greater
adult obesity
*over 70% in U.S
environment that encourages large portions of high-fat, energy
obesogenic environment dense foods & fails to encourage healthy behaviors such as
physical activity
adult emergence that increases risk of cardiac issues
metabolic syndrome -3 of 5 biomarkers = increase in BP, fasting plasma glucose,
triglycerides, waist circumference, low HDL cholesterol
aging = increased risk for undernutrition or overnutrition
malnutrition in older adults -risk factors: poor physical or mental health, social isolation,
alcoholism, limited functional ability, poverty, & polypharmacy
sarcopenia normal age related loss of muscle mass
sarcopenic obesity low muscle mass w/ excess fat
type of obesity:
monogenic obesity
-early onset severe obesity
type of obesity:
polygenic (common) obesity
-combination of genetic & environmental factors
, factors:
-cultural definition of food
- frequency & number of meals eaten away from home
cultural factors to consider
-form and content of ceremonial meals
-amounts & types of foods eaten & regularity of food
consumption
1st step = nutritional screening
parameters:
-weight & weight hx
nutritional assessment
-conditions associated w/ increased nutritional risk
-diet information
-routine lab data
tool available for screening malnutrition in adult acute-care
malnutrition screening tool
patients
mini nutritional assessment tool available for screening nutrition in older adults in long-term
(MNA) care & community settings
used for individuals identified at nutritional risk during screening
includes:
comprehensive nutritional
-diet hx & clinical information
assessment
-physical examination for clinical signs & anthropometric
measures
-lab tests
includes:
-number of meals/ snacks per day?
-type & amount of food eaten?
-fad, special, or alternative diets?
eating pattern questions
-where is food eaten?
-food preferences & dislikes ?
-religious or cultural restrictions ?
-able to feed self?
includes:
-what is your usual weight?
-how much lost or gained ?
usual weight questions - 20% below or above desirable weight?
-over what time period?
-recent weight change?
-reason for loss or gain?
-changes in appetite, taste, smell, chewing, swallowing
-recent surgery, trauma, burns, infection
-chronic illnesses
-N/V, diarrhea, constipation
subjective data: nutritional -Food allergies or intolerances
history -medications &/or nutritional nutritional supplements
-patient-centered care
-alcohol or illegal drug use
-exercise & activity patterns
-family hx
info:
older adults important -prior dietary hx in ages 40s and 50s
nutritional info -factors affecting present dietary intake
- vit. D & calcium intake
clinical signs of nutritional general appearance: obese, cachetic, or edematous
deficiencies *include lab tests & physical exam
anthropomorphic measures:
-percent usual body weight -formula calculation
derived weight measure
-BMI - practical marker of optimal weight for height and an
indicator of obesity or protein-calorie malnutrition
, anthropomorphic measure:
waist-to-hip ratio -assess body fast distribution as an indicator of health risk
*predicts health risks
anthropomorphic measure:
arm span (total arm length)
-useful in situations where height is difficult to measure
anthropomorphic measure:
serial assessment -made at routine intervals weekly, biweekly, or monthly,
dependent on patient population
cardinal features of this are individualized and based on realistic
patient goals but include:
-regular physical exercise 4-5 times per week for 30 min
long term weight loss
-eating low cal, low fat diet --> intake of 1400-1500 kcal/day ; fat
intake 20% - 25% of total cal
-monitoring daily food intake
protein calorie malnutrition
marasmus
-starved appearance
protein malnutrition
kwashiorkor
-well nourished appearance but edematous
Marasmus/kwashiorkor mix emaciated appearance
pellagra Niacin deficiency
scorbutic gums caused by vitamin c deficiency
follicular hyperkeratosis Vitamin A and/or linoleic acid deficiency
bitot spots vitamin A deficiency
rickets vitamin D deficiency & calcium deficiency
magenta tongue riboflavin deficiency
Diagnosed in the presence of 3/5 biomarkers:
-waist circumference
-glucose level above 100mg/dL or if being treated for
metabolic syndrome (METS) hypergylcemia
-HDL-C or being treated for hyperlipidemia
-triglycerides above 150 mg/dL or being treated for elevated TG
-HTN - systolic & diastolic parameters or being treated for it
consequences include:
-malabsorption of protein & calories --> must eat small & dense
meals
Bariatric surgery nutritional -malabsorption of vitamins & minerals --> take supplements
consequences -weight regain --> avoid excess intake of calorically dense/ liquid
foods
- obstruction --> avoid chunks of food that could cause a
blockage
quadrant contains liver, gallbladder, R kidney, adrenal gland ,
RUQ
part of ascending & transverse colon, pancreas head, duodenum,
quadrant contains stomach, spleen, L kidney & adrenal gland,
LUQ body of Pancreas, splenic flexure of colon, part of transverse &
descending colon, L lobe of liver
quadrant contains cecum, appendix, R ovary, R ureter, Colon, R
RLQ
spermatic cord
quadrant contains sigmoid colon, L ovary, sigmoid colon, L
LLQ
ureter, L spermatic cord
Midline part of abdomen that contains aorta, bladder, uterus, colon
