VTCT Level 3 Award in Anatomy and Physiology Latest Update with Complete Solution

1. Which of the following arteries carry deoxygenated blood? a) Coronary arteries b) Pulmonary arteries c) Aorta d) Carotid arteries Answer: b) Pulmonary arteries Explanation: The text explicitly states "arteries that carry deoxygenated blood" are the "pulmonary arteries." 2. Which type of epithelium forms the epidermis? a) Simple cuboidal b) Stratified squamous c) Transitional d) Pseudostratified columnar Answer: b) Stratified squamous Explanation: The text directly links "stratified squamous epithelium" with the function "forms epidermis." 3. The bones that contribute to the eye socket include: a) Frontal, temporal, occipital b) Ethmoid, sphenoid, lacrimal c) Maxilla, zygomatic, mandible d) Nasal, vomer, palatine Answer: b) Ethmoid, sphenoid, lacrimal Explanation: The text lists "Ethmoid, sphenoid, lacrimal" as bones related to the "eye socket."4. What is the primary function of the trachea? a) Prevents food from entering the airway b) Filters oxygen from the air c) Allows air to pass to and from lungs d) Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide Answer: c) Allows air to pass to and from lungs Explanation: The text defines the "Trachea" by stating its function is to "Allows air to pass to and from lungs." 5. What is the role of the epiglottis? a) Produces sound for speech b) Seals off the windpipe to prevent food entry c) Warms and humidifies inhaled air d) Houses the vocal cords Answer: b) Seals off the windpipe to prevent food entry Explanation: The text describes the "Epiglottis" as "A flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering." 6. The upper chambers of the heart are called: a) Ventricles b) Septa c) Atria d) Apex Answer: c) Atria Explanation: The text defines "Atria" as the "upper chambers of the heart." 7. Lymphocytes are a type of: a) Red blood cell b) Platelet c) White blood cell d) Plasma protein Answer: c) White blood cell Explanation: The text explicitly states "lymphocytes" are "white blood cells." 8. Muscles that draw a limb away from the midline of the body are called: a) Adductors b) Abductors c) Flexors d) Extensors Answer: b) AbductorsExplanation: The text defines "abductors" by their action: "Draw a limb away from the midline." 9. Which structures are part of the axial skeleton? a) Pelvis, femur, humerus b) Skull, rib cage, vertebral column c) Clavicle, scapula, patella d) Carpals, tarsals, phalanges Answer: b) Skull, rib cage, vertebral column Explanation: The text states the "axial skeleton" consists of the "skull, rib cage, and vertebral column." 10. Which brain region controls the pituitary gland? a) Cerebellum b) Thalamus c) Hypothalamus d) Medulla oblongata Answer: c) Hypothalamus Explanation: The text defines the "Hypothalamus" as the "brain region controlling the pituitary gland."