PSY 217 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026

PSY 217 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026 Thorndike law of effect - Answers response that produce satisfying outcomes will be stamped in. responses that produce an annoying outcome will be stamped out Punishment ( 3 things) - Answers - a response must produce a consequence -the response must decrease in probability -the decrease in probabilty must occur because the response produced the consequence ( when all 3 met = punisher) Reinforcement procedure - Answers -baseline; no consequences -phase 2; reinforcement -phase 3; extinction ( discontinue food) Punishment procedure - Answers -baseline;behavior happening -phase 2; punihsment in effect ( direct impact) -phase 3; discontinue punishment ( known as recovery) Primary or unconditioned punishers - Answers -no learning required EX:PAIN, LOUD NOISES, BAD SMELLS , EXTREME TEMPERATURES Secondary or conditioned punishers - Answers -learning reqired EX:PARKING TICKET, BAD GRADES Generalized punisher - Answers -secondary/ conditioned -can be related to many events whats the surest way to identify effective punishers - Answers -present it and see it changes functional definition of punishers - Answers punishers can only be identified in terms of their effects on a particular behavior of a particular individual key distinction - Answers how the environment changes as a function of the behavior positive punishment - Answers a response results in the presentation or addition of a stimulus ex: spanking negative punishment - Answers a response in the removal or prevention of a stimulus variables affecting punishment - Answers -contingency ( dependency) -continguity ( how quick something happens) -punisher intensity -alternatives for obtaining reinforcers -motivating operations disruption theory - Answers the stimuli used as punishers elicit responses that prevent the behavior from occuring two process theory - Answers -classical conditioning -escape one process theory - Answers -true punishment effect -operant punishment punishment pros - Answers -it works ( decrease behavior) -effects can be very powerful -it works quickly -can have beneficial side effects punishment cons - Answers -can lead to escape or avoidance -can lead to attacking the punisher or other forms of aggression -incorrect punishment may produce a generalized suppression of other behavior -potential abuse -possibility of imitation alternatives to punishment - Answers -response prevention -extinction -differential reinforcement differential reinforcement - Answers there is a specific requirement for reinforcement. -Any response that meets the requirement produces the reinforcer. -any response that does not meet the requirements is put on extinction. DR of alternative Behavior (DRA) - Answers reinforcement is arranged for a specified alternative to the unwanted behavior DR of incompatible behavior ( DRI) - Answers reinforcement is arranged for a behavior that cannot occur simultaneously with the unwanted behavior DR of low rate ( DRL) - Answers the problem behavior is reinforced but only if it occurs infrequently.