Semmelweis Entrance Exam Medicine
Biology Guide with complete solution
What type of hormones enter their target cells? - ANSWER>>Being lipids, steroid hormones
enter the cell by simple diffusion across the plasma membrane
What type of muscle is the diaphragm? - ANSWER>>skeletal muscle
Which vitamins are soluble in water? - ANSWER>>B and C
What is pepsin? - ANSWER>>Enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach
What is pepsin made of? - ANSWER>>short polypeptides linked together
What is tubulin? - ANSWER>>Hollow tubes 25 nanometers in diameter
What are centrioles? - ANSWER>>Centrioles help organize cell division and are formed from
tubulin and located near the nucleus.
What is triploidy? - ANSWER>>three sets of chromosomes
What is monoploidy? - ANSWER>>missing a chromosome in a set of chromosomes
What is aneuploidy? - ANSWER>>Abnormal number of chromosomes
What is a gonosome? - ANSWER>>synonym for sex chromosome
What is autosomal? - ANSWER>>chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes
What is connective tissue? - ANSWER>>Framework of the body, providing support and
structure for the organs.
What are carbohydrates and lipids? - ANSWER>>Organic compounds that are mostly composed
of three types of atom; carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
, What do carbohydrates do? - ANSWER>>provide energy, in the form of sugars like glucose and
fructose, but they also make up structures like cellulose, which form the cell wall of plant cells
What type of carbohydrate is the most important source of energy? - ANSWER>>mono-, di- and
poly-saccharides
What are mono and disaccharides? - ANSWER>>polar and soluble in water
What are polysaccharides? - ANSWER>>Macromolecules resulting from polymerisation
(condensation) of sugars and are not soluble in water
Examples of monosaccharides - ANSWER>>ribose, glucose, fructose, galactose
What forms a disaccharide? - ANSWER>>two monosaccharides linked together by condensation
reactions with glycosidic bonds releasing one H2O molecule
Alpha glucose structure - ANSWER>>
Beta glucose structure - ANSWER>>
Examples of Polysaccharides - ANSWER>>cellulose, glycogen and starch
Monomer of Sucrose - ANSWER>>glucose and fructose
monomer of maltose - ANSWER>>glucose and glucose
monomer of lactose - ANSWER>>glucose and galactose
monomer of starch - ANSWER>>glucose
monomer of glycogen - ANSWER>>glucose
monomer of cellulose - ANSWER>>glucose
In animals, what carbohydrate stores energy? - ANSWER>>glycogen
What jobs do carbohydrates have other than storing energy? - ANSWER>>structural
components
Biology Guide with complete solution
What type of hormones enter their target cells? - ANSWER>>Being lipids, steroid hormones
enter the cell by simple diffusion across the plasma membrane
What type of muscle is the diaphragm? - ANSWER>>skeletal muscle
Which vitamins are soluble in water? - ANSWER>>B and C
What is pepsin? - ANSWER>>Enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach
What is pepsin made of? - ANSWER>>short polypeptides linked together
What is tubulin? - ANSWER>>Hollow tubes 25 nanometers in diameter
What are centrioles? - ANSWER>>Centrioles help organize cell division and are formed from
tubulin and located near the nucleus.
What is triploidy? - ANSWER>>three sets of chromosomes
What is monoploidy? - ANSWER>>missing a chromosome in a set of chromosomes
What is aneuploidy? - ANSWER>>Abnormal number of chromosomes
What is a gonosome? - ANSWER>>synonym for sex chromosome
What is autosomal? - ANSWER>>chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes
What is connective tissue? - ANSWER>>Framework of the body, providing support and
structure for the organs.
What are carbohydrates and lipids? - ANSWER>>Organic compounds that are mostly composed
of three types of atom; carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
, What do carbohydrates do? - ANSWER>>provide energy, in the form of sugars like glucose and
fructose, but they also make up structures like cellulose, which form the cell wall of plant cells
What type of carbohydrate is the most important source of energy? - ANSWER>>mono-, di- and
poly-saccharides
What are mono and disaccharides? - ANSWER>>polar and soluble in water
What are polysaccharides? - ANSWER>>Macromolecules resulting from polymerisation
(condensation) of sugars and are not soluble in water
Examples of monosaccharides - ANSWER>>ribose, glucose, fructose, galactose
What forms a disaccharide? - ANSWER>>two monosaccharides linked together by condensation
reactions with glycosidic bonds releasing one H2O molecule
Alpha glucose structure - ANSWER>>
Beta glucose structure - ANSWER>>
Examples of Polysaccharides - ANSWER>>cellulose, glycogen and starch
Monomer of Sucrose - ANSWER>>glucose and fructose
monomer of maltose - ANSWER>>glucose and glucose
monomer of lactose - ANSWER>>glucose and galactose
monomer of starch - ANSWER>>glucose
monomer of glycogen - ANSWER>>glucose
monomer of cellulose - ANSWER>>glucose
In animals, what carbohydrate stores energy? - ANSWER>>glycogen
What jobs do carbohydrates have other than storing energy? - ANSWER>>structural
components
