PHARMACOLOGY NURS 251 MODULE 6 EXAM
2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED
A+
◉ Bioavailability Answer: The extent of drug that becomes available
to the body after absorption
◉ "Free Drug" Answer: - The drug that is not bound to protein that is
free to exert a therapeutic effect
◉ Nicotine is a? What (3) effects does it have? Answer: - A CYP 450
inducer
- Increase metabolism of drug and result in decreased effects and
shortened half-life
◉ Grapefruit Juice is a? What (3) effects does it have? Answer: - A
CYP 450 Inhibitor
- Decreased metabolism
- Drug toxicity
- Shorted half life
◉ Kidneys Answer: The main organs responsible for drug excretion
,◉ Half-life Answer: The time required for one half of the drug to be
removed from the body
◉ Peak Effect Answer: The time taken for the drug to reach
maximum therapeutic response
◉ Peak Level Answer: - The highest concentration of drug in blood
◉ Drug Polymorphism Answer: The effect of a patient's age, gender,
size, body composition and other characteristics on the
pharmacokinetics of a specific drug
◉ Drug Polymorphism can be categorized into what (3) different
factors. Answer: 1. Environmental (diet & nutritional status)
2. Cultural
3. Genetic factors
◉ How can high-fat diets affect absorption? How can malnutrition
affect absorption? Answer: - High Fat Diets = increased absorption of
many drugs
- Malnutrition = alter the ability to absorb or eliminate medication
,◉ Drugs like Heroin and LSD are considered category ____? Answer: -
Category I
◉ The normal range for albumin is _____ - _____ grams/dL Answer: -
4-6 grams/dl
◉ If the gastric pH level is high, this means the stomach is more
_______ than normal. Answer: - Alkaline
◉ Prodrug Answer: - A drug that is converted from an inactive form
into an active metabolite through biotransformation in the liver
◉ Paradoxical Reaction Answer: - The opposite reaction than what is
expected with the specific drug
◉ The three names for Medications? Answer: - Chemical, trade and
generic
◉ Chemical name of a drug refers to? Answer: - The chemical
structure
◉ Trade name / brand name of a medication Answer: - proprietary
name
- more expensive than generic
, - Shorter, easier name
◉ Generic Medication Answer: - Most commonly used
- most prescriptions are
◉ Pharmacokinetics of Oral Medications (4 steps) Answer: 1. Drug is
ingested
2. Disintegrated
3. Forms a dissolution
4. Absorption can occur
◉ What is absorption? Answer: - The movement of a drug from its
site of administration into the bloodstream for distributions to
tissues
◉ A drug that is absorbed through the intestines must ______ pass
through the _______ before it reaches the ________ circulation. Answer: -
A drug that is absorbed through the intestines must first pass
through the liver before it reaches the systemic circulation
◉ High first-pass effect Answer: - A large portion is changed into an
inactive metabolite
2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED
A+
◉ Bioavailability Answer: The extent of drug that becomes available
to the body after absorption
◉ "Free Drug" Answer: - The drug that is not bound to protein that is
free to exert a therapeutic effect
◉ Nicotine is a? What (3) effects does it have? Answer: - A CYP 450
inducer
- Increase metabolism of drug and result in decreased effects and
shortened half-life
◉ Grapefruit Juice is a? What (3) effects does it have? Answer: - A
CYP 450 Inhibitor
- Decreased metabolism
- Drug toxicity
- Shorted half life
◉ Kidneys Answer: The main organs responsible for drug excretion
,◉ Half-life Answer: The time required for one half of the drug to be
removed from the body
◉ Peak Effect Answer: The time taken for the drug to reach
maximum therapeutic response
◉ Peak Level Answer: - The highest concentration of drug in blood
◉ Drug Polymorphism Answer: The effect of a patient's age, gender,
size, body composition and other characteristics on the
pharmacokinetics of a specific drug
◉ Drug Polymorphism can be categorized into what (3) different
factors. Answer: 1. Environmental (diet & nutritional status)
2. Cultural
3. Genetic factors
◉ How can high-fat diets affect absorption? How can malnutrition
affect absorption? Answer: - High Fat Diets = increased absorption of
many drugs
- Malnutrition = alter the ability to absorb or eliminate medication
,◉ Drugs like Heroin and LSD are considered category ____? Answer: -
Category I
◉ The normal range for albumin is _____ - _____ grams/dL Answer: -
4-6 grams/dl
◉ If the gastric pH level is high, this means the stomach is more
_______ than normal. Answer: - Alkaline
◉ Prodrug Answer: - A drug that is converted from an inactive form
into an active metabolite through biotransformation in the liver
◉ Paradoxical Reaction Answer: - The opposite reaction than what is
expected with the specific drug
◉ The three names for Medications? Answer: - Chemical, trade and
generic
◉ Chemical name of a drug refers to? Answer: - The chemical
structure
◉ Trade name / brand name of a medication Answer: - proprietary
name
- more expensive than generic
, - Shorter, easier name
◉ Generic Medication Answer: - Most commonly used
- most prescriptions are
◉ Pharmacokinetics of Oral Medications (4 steps) Answer: 1. Drug is
ingested
2. Disintegrated
3. Forms a dissolution
4. Absorption can occur
◉ What is absorption? Answer: - The movement of a drug from its
site of administration into the bloodstream for distributions to
tissues
◉ A drug that is absorbed through the intestines must ______ pass
through the _______ before it reaches the ________ circulation. Answer: -
A drug that is absorbed through the intestines must first pass
through the liver before it reaches the systemic circulation
◉ High first-pass effect Answer: - A large portion is changed into an
inactive metabolite
