KUBY IMMUNOLOGY CH 17
INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND
VACCINES EXAM
Viruses, like many good pathogens, have adapted to survive in their hosts. Which of the
following scenarios would be MOST favorable to viral transmission and long term
survival of the viral species?
A. Virus X enters a host cell, produces many progeny viruses (virions), and lyses the
host cell.
B. Virus X enters the host cell and merges viral DNA with the host DNA so that the virus
is copied into all progeny host cells.
C. Virus X enters the host cells, merges viral DNA with the host DNA until the host cell
is stressed, and then begins to produce many virions eventually lysing the host cell.
D. Virus X enters the host cell and consistently makes virions at a low level so that all
host cell functions are not disrupted.
E. Virus X enters the host cell, makes many progeny virions, and releases virions
through exocytosis so that each virion is wrapped in the host cell plasma membrane.
The host cell will eventually die o - Correct Answers -Virus X enters the host cell and
*consistently* makes virions at a low level so that all host cell functions are not
disrupted.
Which of the following is recognized by the innate immune system and triggers an
immune response that will produce antiviral cytokines and trigger effector molecules?
A. Complement
B. IgA
C. IL-2
D. PAMPs
E. TNF-α - Correct Answers -*PAMPs*
One mechanism that viruses use to avoid the immune response is to bind up immune
effector molecules. All of the following methods are used by antibodies to block viral
infection EXCEPT:
A. antibodies bind to and coat virus particles, preventing viral ligands from binding to
cell receptors.
B. antibodies trigger complement, which can lyse viral particles or recruit opsonins.
, C. antibodies stimulate activation of cytotoxic T cells.
D. antibodies aid in phagocytosis.
E. antibodies compete for binding with viral ligands. - Correct Answers -antibodies
stimulate activation of *cytotoxic T cells*.
Influenza virus is an annual concern in the United States and worldwide. Each year,
millions of people receive the flu vaccine to protect against the influenza virus. What two
viral ligands does the flu vaccine produce immunity to?
A. Hemagglutinin and TNF-α
B. Hemagglutinin and N-acetyl glucosamine
C. N-acetyl glucosamine and Neuraminidase
D. N-acetyl glucosamine and reverse transcriptase
E. Neuraminidase and Hemagglutinin - Correct Answers -*Neuraminidase and
Hemagglutinin*
5. Viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and HIV are capable of
suppressing the immune system by:
A. binding antibodies but avoiding an immune response.
B. infecting lymphocytes or phagocytic cells.
C. production of cytokine antagonists.
D. wrapping progeny viral particles in the host-cell plasma membrane.
E. Both B and C. - Correct Answers -*Both B and C*
6. By which mechanisms can bacterial pathogens evade a host immune response?
A. Avoiding phagocytosis by the production of a capsule
B. Escape of the phagolysosome within phagocytic cells
C. Neutralization of digestive enzymes found within phagocytic cells
D. Both A and B.
E. All of the above. - Correct Answers -.All of the above.
7. Each of the following is a step in bacterial infection EXCEPT:
A. attachment to host cells.
B. the host feels tired or uncomfortable.
C. invasion of host tissue.
D. proliferation of bacterial cells.
E. toxin-induced damage to host cells. - Correct Answers -*the host* feels tired or
uncomfortable.
8. _______ is known as an endotoxin.
A. C3a
B. Capsular proteins
INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND
VACCINES EXAM
Viruses, like many good pathogens, have adapted to survive in their hosts. Which of the
following scenarios would be MOST favorable to viral transmission and long term
survival of the viral species?
A. Virus X enters a host cell, produces many progeny viruses (virions), and lyses the
host cell.
B. Virus X enters the host cell and merges viral DNA with the host DNA so that the virus
is copied into all progeny host cells.
C. Virus X enters the host cells, merges viral DNA with the host DNA until the host cell
is stressed, and then begins to produce many virions eventually lysing the host cell.
D. Virus X enters the host cell and consistently makes virions at a low level so that all
host cell functions are not disrupted.
E. Virus X enters the host cell, makes many progeny virions, and releases virions
through exocytosis so that each virion is wrapped in the host cell plasma membrane.
The host cell will eventually die o - Correct Answers -Virus X enters the host cell and
*consistently* makes virions at a low level so that all host cell functions are not
disrupted.
Which of the following is recognized by the innate immune system and triggers an
immune response that will produce antiviral cytokines and trigger effector molecules?
A. Complement
B. IgA
C. IL-2
D. PAMPs
E. TNF-α - Correct Answers -*PAMPs*
One mechanism that viruses use to avoid the immune response is to bind up immune
effector molecules. All of the following methods are used by antibodies to block viral
infection EXCEPT:
A. antibodies bind to and coat virus particles, preventing viral ligands from binding to
cell receptors.
B. antibodies trigger complement, which can lyse viral particles or recruit opsonins.
, C. antibodies stimulate activation of cytotoxic T cells.
D. antibodies aid in phagocytosis.
E. antibodies compete for binding with viral ligands. - Correct Answers -antibodies
stimulate activation of *cytotoxic T cells*.
Influenza virus is an annual concern in the United States and worldwide. Each year,
millions of people receive the flu vaccine to protect against the influenza virus. What two
viral ligands does the flu vaccine produce immunity to?
A. Hemagglutinin and TNF-α
B. Hemagglutinin and N-acetyl glucosamine
C. N-acetyl glucosamine and Neuraminidase
D. N-acetyl glucosamine and reverse transcriptase
E. Neuraminidase and Hemagglutinin - Correct Answers -*Neuraminidase and
Hemagglutinin*
5. Viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and HIV are capable of
suppressing the immune system by:
A. binding antibodies but avoiding an immune response.
B. infecting lymphocytes or phagocytic cells.
C. production of cytokine antagonists.
D. wrapping progeny viral particles in the host-cell plasma membrane.
E. Both B and C. - Correct Answers -*Both B and C*
6. By which mechanisms can bacterial pathogens evade a host immune response?
A. Avoiding phagocytosis by the production of a capsule
B. Escape of the phagolysosome within phagocytic cells
C. Neutralization of digestive enzymes found within phagocytic cells
D. Both A and B.
E. All of the above. - Correct Answers -.All of the above.
7. Each of the following is a step in bacterial infection EXCEPT:
A. attachment to host cells.
B. the host feels tired or uncomfortable.
C. invasion of host tissue.
D. proliferation of bacterial cells.
E. toxin-induced damage to host cells. - Correct Answers -*the host* feels tired or
uncomfortable.
8. _______ is known as an endotoxin.
A. C3a
B. Capsular proteins
