SOC 2206A - FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED
Quantitative data - ANSWER numerical data
qualitative data - ANSWER Information describing color, odor, shape, or some other physical
characteristic
Mixed Methods Data Analysis - ANSWER A balanced approach attempting to make the most
of the advantages of the methods use whilst also minimising the disadvantages of those
methods
basic research - ANSWER pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base
applied research - ANSWER scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
cross-sectional design - ANSWER research design that examines people of different ages at a
single point in time
repeated cross-sectional design - ANSWER a type of longitudinal study in which data are
collected at two or more points in time from different samples of the same population
,panel design - ANSWER a longitudinal study in which data are collected from the same
individuals - the panel - at two or more points in time
longitudinal study - ANSWER research in which the same people are restudied and retested
over a long period
cohort design - ANSWER a longitudinal study in which data are collected at two or more
points in time from individuals in a cohort
prospective design - ANSWER A research design that follows subjects forward over a specified
period of time
value free - ANSWER the view that a sociologist's personal values or beliefs should not
influence social research
descriptive research - ANSWER research methods that involve observing behavior to describe
that behavior objectively and systematically
Exploratory Research - ANSWER Research conducted to gather more information about a
problem or to make a tentative hypothesis more specific
explanatory research - ANSWER seeks to identify causes and effects of social phenomena and
to predict how one phenomenon will change or vary in response to variation in some other
phenomenon
,Theory - ANSWER A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data
Empiricism - ANSWER the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science
should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation
macro level - ANSWER a wide-scale view of the role of social structures within a society
meso level - ANSWER a term used to analyze the relationships among issues, individuals, and
groups as viewed from a community, or local, perspective
micro level - ANSWER focus on the individual and his or her interactions in specific settings
inductive reasoning - ANSWER A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large
number of specific observations.
deductive reasoning - ANSWER reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a
general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case
paradigm - ANSWER A broad set of taken-for-granted and often unacknowledged
assumptions about how social reality is to be defined
, Postivism - ANSWER a scientific approach to knowledge based on "positive" facts as opposed
to mere speculation
Post Modernism - ANSWER a late 20th Century movement in the arts, architecture, and
criticism; includes skeptical interpretations of culture, literature, art, philosophy, history,
economics, architecture, fiction, and literary criticism
Types of sociological paradigms (4) - ANSWER Structural Functionalism , Conflict Theory,
rational choice, + symbolic interactionism
Structural Functionalism - ANSWER Society is viewed as a collection of interrelated parts that
form a whole (macro)
Conflict Theory - ANSWER a theoretical framework in which society is viewed as composed of
groups that are competing for scarce resources
Rational Choice Theory - ANSWER A popular theory in political science to explain the actions
of voters as well as politicians. It assumes that individuals act in their own best interest,
carefully weighing the costs and benefits of possible alternatives.
Symbolic Interactionism - ANSWER a micro-level theory in which shared meanings,
orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people's actions
mediation - ANSWER The expected relation between two concepts is channel through a third
ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED
Quantitative data - ANSWER numerical data
qualitative data - ANSWER Information describing color, odor, shape, or some other physical
characteristic
Mixed Methods Data Analysis - ANSWER A balanced approach attempting to make the most
of the advantages of the methods use whilst also minimising the disadvantages of those
methods
basic research - ANSWER pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base
applied research - ANSWER scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
cross-sectional design - ANSWER research design that examines people of different ages at a
single point in time
repeated cross-sectional design - ANSWER a type of longitudinal study in which data are
collected at two or more points in time from different samples of the same population
,panel design - ANSWER a longitudinal study in which data are collected from the same
individuals - the panel - at two or more points in time
longitudinal study - ANSWER research in which the same people are restudied and retested
over a long period
cohort design - ANSWER a longitudinal study in which data are collected at two or more
points in time from individuals in a cohort
prospective design - ANSWER A research design that follows subjects forward over a specified
period of time
value free - ANSWER the view that a sociologist's personal values or beliefs should not
influence social research
descriptive research - ANSWER research methods that involve observing behavior to describe
that behavior objectively and systematically
Exploratory Research - ANSWER Research conducted to gather more information about a
problem or to make a tentative hypothesis more specific
explanatory research - ANSWER seeks to identify causes and effects of social phenomena and
to predict how one phenomenon will change or vary in response to variation in some other
phenomenon
,Theory - ANSWER A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data
Empiricism - ANSWER the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science
should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation
macro level - ANSWER a wide-scale view of the role of social structures within a society
meso level - ANSWER a term used to analyze the relationships among issues, individuals, and
groups as viewed from a community, or local, perspective
micro level - ANSWER focus on the individual and his or her interactions in specific settings
inductive reasoning - ANSWER A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large
number of specific observations.
deductive reasoning - ANSWER reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a
general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case
paradigm - ANSWER A broad set of taken-for-granted and often unacknowledged
assumptions about how social reality is to be defined
, Postivism - ANSWER a scientific approach to knowledge based on "positive" facts as opposed
to mere speculation
Post Modernism - ANSWER a late 20th Century movement in the arts, architecture, and
criticism; includes skeptical interpretations of culture, literature, art, philosophy, history,
economics, architecture, fiction, and literary criticism
Types of sociological paradigms (4) - ANSWER Structural Functionalism , Conflict Theory,
rational choice, + symbolic interactionism
Structural Functionalism - ANSWER Society is viewed as a collection of interrelated parts that
form a whole (macro)
Conflict Theory - ANSWER a theoretical framework in which society is viewed as composed of
groups that are competing for scarce resources
Rational Choice Theory - ANSWER A popular theory in political science to explain the actions
of voters as well as politicians. It assumes that individuals act in their own best interest,
carefully weighing the costs and benefits of possible alternatives.
Symbolic Interactionism - ANSWER a micro-level theory in which shared meanings,
orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people's actions
mediation - ANSWER The expected relation between two concepts is channel through a third
