GNRS 515 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam
Questions With Correct Answers
DNA |replication |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-untwisted |and |zipped |by |hydrogen |bonds |being |
broken |between |two |pairs
DNA |polymerase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-pairs |new |bases, |aka |complementary |base |pairing |
(ATCG)
Chromosome |aberrations |occur |where? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-occurs |among |number |or |
structure
Explain |base |pair |substitution |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-mutation |where |ATCG |base |pairing |is |
mixed
Missense |mutation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |base-pair |substitution |that |results |in |a |codon |
that |codes |for |a |different |amino |acid. |The |"sense" |of |the |codon |is |altered
Nonsense |mutation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-substitutions |into |a |stop |codon, |but |it |is |in |the |
wrong |place! |(quite |dangerous)
Silent |mutation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-nucleotide |change |does |not |affect |amino |acid
Frameshift |mutation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-insertion |or |deletion |of |one |or |more |base |pairs. |
Changes |the |entire |reading |frame |of |DNA |sequence |(also |dangerous)
, Codons |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-consist |of |a |group |of |three |amino |acids |that |start |or |stop |
DNA |processing
Transcription |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-DNA |to |RNA |(uracil |replaces |thymine)
Translation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-RNA |to |protein |(uracil |replaces |thymine)
mRNA |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-synthesized |from |DNA |by |RNA |polymerase. |Uses |tRNA |(by |
binding |to |ribosome) |to |sequence |amino |acids
Transcription |factors |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-also |binds |to |DNA |& |regulates |the |transcription |
timing. |Can |turn |on/off |gene |expression
Epigenetics |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-is |the |study |of |heritable |changes |in |gene |expression |
(phenotype) |caused |by |mechanisms |other |than |changes |in |DNA |(nucleotide) |sequences; |e.g. |
when |a |somatic |cell |divides |(mitotic |inheritance), |when |gametes |are |produced |(germline |
inheritance), |or |both
epigenetic |modification |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Epigenetic |modifications |can |cause |
individuals |with |the |same |DNA |sequences |(such |as |identical |twins) |to |have |different |disease |
profiles
functional |mRNA |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-carries |genetic |information |from |DNA |to |Ribosome |
present |in |cytosol, |where |it |is |used |as |a |template |for |protein |synthesis
Introns |(removed); |exons |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-which |are |the |removed |and |remaining |
sequences |after |remaining |DNA |sequences |are |spliced
exome |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-remaining |exon |sequence
Questions With Correct Answers
DNA |replication |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-untwisted |and |zipped |by |hydrogen |bonds |being |
broken |between |two |pairs
DNA |polymerase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-pairs |new |bases, |aka |complementary |base |pairing |
(ATCG)
Chromosome |aberrations |occur |where? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-occurs |among |number |or |
structure
Explain |base |pair |substitution |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-mutation |where |ATCG |base |pairing |is |
mixed
Missense |mutation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |base-pair |substitution |that |results |in |a |codon |
that |codes |for |a |different |amino |acid. |The |"sense" |of |the |codon |is |altered
Nonsense |mutation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-substitutions |into |a |stop |codon, |but |it |is |in |the |
wrong |place! |(quite |dangerous)
Silent |mutation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-nucleotide |change |does |not |affect |amino |acid
Frameshift |mutation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-insertion |or |deletion |of |one |or |more |base |pairs. |
Changes |the |entire |reading |frame |of |DNA |sequence |(also |dangerous)
, Codons |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-consist |of |a |group |of |three |amino |acids |that |start |or |stop |
DNA |processing
Transcription |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-DNA |to |RNA |(uracil |replaces |thymine)
Translation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-RNA |to |protein |(uracil |replaces |thymine)
mRNA |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-synthesized |from |DNA |by |RNA |polymerase. |Uses |tRNA |(by |
binding |to |ribosome) |to |sequence |amino |acids
Transcription |factors |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-also |binds |to |DNA |& |regulates |the |transcription |
timing. |Can |turn |on/off |gene |expression
Epigenetics |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-is |the |study |of |heritable |changes |in |gene |expression |
(phenotype) |caused |by |mechanisms |other |than |changes |in |DNA |(nucleotide) |sequences; |e.g. |
when |a |somatic |cell |divides |(mitotic |inheritance), |when |gametes |are |produced |(germline |
inheritance), |or |both
epigenetic |modification |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Epigenetic |modifications |can |cause |
individuals |with |the |same |DNA |sequences |(such |as |identical |twins) |to |have |different |disease |
profiles
functional |mRNA |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-carries |genetic |information |from |DNA |to |Ribosome |
present |in |cytosol, |where |it |is |used |as |a |template |for |protein |synthesis
Introns |(removed); |exons |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-which |are |the |removed |and |remaining |
sequences |after |remaining |DNA |sequences |are |spliced
exome |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-remaining |exon |sequence
