MICB 212 EXAM 1 PAPER TEST BANK EXAM
Q&A 2026 100% CORRECT.
⫸ Most severe immune deficiency for complement system?. Answer:
C3 complement protein deficiency
⫸ three levels of defence against pathogens. Answer:
anatomical/physiological barriers, innate response, adaptive response
⫸ two phases of innate immune response. Answer: immediate and
induced
⫸ what needs to happen for induced response to develop?. Answer:
resident macrophages recognize bacteria and recruit more phagocytic
cells, blood vessel wall of vein changes so neutrophils and monocytes
can get to infection, phagocytic cells migrate and engulf bacteria
⫸ types of infectious inflammation. Answer: acute (short), chronic
(long)
⫸ early detection/warning system. Answer: resident macrophages
and mast cells
⫸ what do mast cells release. Answer: histamine
,⫸ what do macrophages release. Answer: cytokines and chemokines
⫸ histamine affect. Answer: dilates blood vessels, causes
pain/redness/swelling
⫸ what do alarm cytokines do?. Answer: act on endothelial cells,
causes vein to be sticky to recruit neutrophils and monocytes
⫸ how do neutrophils move toward infection site?. Answer:
following IL-8 gradient (made by macropahges)
⫸ who can do phagocytosis?. Answer: neutrophils, macrophages and
dendritic cells
⫸ types of alarm cytokines. Answer: IL-1, Il-6, TNF-alpha
⫸ MHC class I proteins. Answer: HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C
⫸ MHC class II proteins. Answer: HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, HLA-DR
⫸ are HLA proteins co-dominantly expressed?. Answer: yes, cells
transcribe both alleles and make protein of both genes
⫸ how many variants of MHC class I proteins can cells make?.
Answer: 6 different MHC class I proteins
, ⫸ MHC class I short or long?. Answer: short
⫸ MHC class II short or long?. Answer: long
⫸ downside of MHC polymorphism?. Answer: need to "match" to
find a donor
⫸ endogenous pathway overview. Answer: MHC class 1 pathway
bind antigens from the inside of the cell
⫸ endogenous pathway steps. Answer: cytosolic proteins degraded
by proteasome, peptides transported into ER by TAP, peptides bind to
MHC class I, displayed on cell surface
⫸ Which would be a likely effect if the TAP proteins were not able
to transport peptides into the lumen of the E.R.?. Answer: Decreased
concentration of peptides in ER, decreased MHC class I expression
⫸ Exogenous pathway overview. Answer: MHC class two pathway
binds to antigens that are outside the cell
⫸ Exogenous pathway steps. Answer: pathogen internalized by APC,
fuses with lysosome, invariant chain blocks MHC II to create CLIP,
CLIP removed and peptide binds, leaves ER in vesicle to cell surface
Q&A 2026 100% CORRECT.
⫸ Most severe immune deficiency for complement system?. Answer:
C3 complement protein deficiency
⫸ three levels of defence against pathogens. Answer:
anatomical/physiological barriers, innate response, adaptive response
⫸ two phases of innate immune response. Answer: immediate and
induced
⫸ what needs to happen for induced response to develop?. Answer:
resident macrophages recognize bacteria and recruit more phagocytic
cells, blood vessel wall of vein changes so neutrophils and monocytes
can get to infection, phagocytic cells migrate and engulf bacteria
⫸ types of infectious inflammation. Answer: acute (short), chronic
(long)
⫸ early detection/warning system. Answer: resident macrophages
and mast cells
⫸ what do mast cells release. Answer: histamine
,⫸ what do macrophages release. Answer: cytokines and chemokines
⫸ histamine affect. Answer: dilates blood vessels, causes
pain/redness/swelling
⫸ what do alarm cytokines do?. Answer: act on endothelial cells,
causes vein to be sticky to recruit neutrophils and monocytes
⫸ how do neutrophils move toward infection site?. Answer:
following IL-8 gradient (made by macropahges)
⫸ who can do phagocytosis?. Answer: neutrophils, macrophages and
dendritic cells
⫸ types of alarm cytokines. Answer: IL-1, Il-6, TNF-alpha
⫸ MHC class I proteins. Answer: HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C
⫸ MHC class II proteins. Answer: HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, HLA-DR
⫸ are HLA proteins co-dominantly expressed?. Answer: yes, cells
transcribe both alleles and make protein of both genes
⫸ how many variants of MHC class I proteins can cells make?.
Answer: 6 different MHC class I proteins
, ⫸ MHC class I short or long?. Answer: short
⫸ MHC class II short or long?. Answer: long
⫸ downside of MHC polymorphism?. Answer: need to "match" to
find a donor
⫸ endogenous pathway overview. Answer: MHC class 1 pathway
bind antigens from the inside of the cell
⫸ endogenous pathway steps. Answer: cytosolic proteins degraded
by proteasome, peptides transported into ER by TAP, peptides bind to
MHC class I, displayed on cell surface
⫸ Which would be a likely effect if the TAP proteins were not able
to transport peptides into the lumen of the E.R.?. Answer: Decreased
concentration of peptides in ER, decreased MHC class I expression
⫸ Exogenous pathway overview. Answer: MHC class two pathway
binds to antigens that are outside the cell
⫸ Exogenous pathway steps. Answer: pathogen internalized by APC,
fuses with lysosome, invariant chain blocks MHC II to create CLIP,
CLIP removed and peptide binds, leaves ER in vesicle to cell surface
