Cardiology I (MED-402) | 65 EKG-Based Exam Questions with Answers

This document contains 65 exam-style questions and 100% verified correct answers, specifically centered on electrocardiography (EKG/ECG), as covered in the Cardiology I (MED-402) course at the University of Health Sciences during the 2025/2026 academic year. It is tailored to help students master cardiac electrophysiology through a structured Q&A format focused on high-yield and frequently tested concepts. Topics covered include: Myocardial and pacemaker action potentials, their ion channel dynamics, and phases Arrhythmogenesis: early and late afterdepolarizations, enhanced automaticity, and reentry mechanisms Axis determination, waveform interpretation (P, QRS, T), and conduction pathways EKG manifestations of major pathologies: atrial fibrillation, AV blocks (1st, 2nd, 3rd degree), ventricular hypertrophy, bundle branch blocks, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, Brugada syndrome, ARVC, long/short QT syndromes EKG findings in electrolyte abnormalities (e.g. hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia) Clinical applications such as pacemaker and ICD use, cardiac monitoring modalities (Holter, patch, implantable loop), and differentiating types of syncope This resource is highly beneficial for: Medical students in their pre-clinical or clinical cardiology modules Students preparing for USMLE Step 1 & 2, PLAB, COMLEX, AMC, or other licensing exams Physician assistant, nursing, or paramedical students who require a solid understanding of cardiac electrophysiology Anyone seeking a concise, high-yield, and exam-relevant review of EKG interpretation principles Its Q&A format encourages active recall and makes it ideal for last-minute revision, self-assessment, or guided study sessions. Keywords: EKG, ECG, cardiac electrophysiology, myocardial action potential, pacemaker cells, arrhythmia mechanisms, early depolarization, late depolarization, reentry, AV block, atrial fibrillation, Wolff-Parkinson-White, Brugada syndrome, QT interval, axis determination, ST elevation, P wave, QRS complex, T wave, cardiac conduction, pacemaker indications, Holter monitor, cardiac telemetry, torsades, electrolyte imbalances, sick sinus syndrome