BIO 111 EXAM 1 ACTUAL TEST QUESTIONS WITH WELL DETAILED SOLUTIONS
Population
A group of organisms of the same species populating and REPRODUCING in a given area.
Organism (Species)
Each individual is a group of organ systems cooperating together for a common purpose.
Organ System
Organs cooperating together for a common purpose.
Organ
Tissues cooperating together for a common purpose.
Tissue
Cells cooperating together for a common purpose.
Cell
A _____ is the lowest level of biological organization to have characteristics of life.
,Organelle
Subpart of a cell that performs a particular function - e.g., mitochondrion.
Macromolecule
Monomer's bonded together
Molecule
2 or more atoms bonded together (actual monomers are many more than 2)
Atom
Smallest unit of each element that retains that element's characteristics.
Subatomic Particles
Protons, neutrons and electrons.
Biome
A large, naturally occurring community of flora and fauna in a major habitat. E.g., Raleigh is
an eastern temperate deciduous forest.
Divergent Evolution
,We are united by an evolutionary past. All stem from a limited # of single-celled organisms -
life began on earth as primitive cells 3.5-4 billion years ago.
Origin of Life
3.8 Billion Years Ago
Solar System
4.5 Billion Years Ago
When did Dinosaurs Become Extinct?
65 Million Years Ago
Evolution
ANY change in the average characteristics of a population over time.
Does not create new things; gives old things new uses (homologous structures). E.g., Milk
Carton birdhouse.
What is the Central Dogma?
The information contained in DNA is expressed through the production of mRNA via
transcription and the synthesis of proteins via translation of mRNA
, Central Dogma
DNA →(transcription)→ mRNA →(translation)→ Protein.
Mutation
Any change in the sequence of the nucleotide bases in the DNA of an individual. Random
changes in the genetic material of organisms.
Describe the Relationship Between Mutation and Central Dogma
A change in the sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA will result in a change in the
sequence of the nucleotide bases in the mRNA and this may lead to a change in the
sequence of the amino acids in the protein. This new sequence of amino acids in the
protein could affect its function either positively or negatively.
Vertical Evolution
New species evolve from pre-existing species by the accumulation of mutations, which are
random changes in the genetic material of organisms.
Natural Selection
Mutations that alter the traits of an organism such that their chances of surviving and
reproducing are increased.
When a mutation causes a beneficial change, frequency of the mutation may increase in a
population from one generation to the next.
Population
A group of organisms of the same species populating and REPRODUCING in a given area.
Organism (Species)
Each individual is a group of organ systems cooperating together for a common purpose.
Organ System
Organs cooperating together for a common purpose.
Organ
Tissues cooperating together for a common purpose.
Tissue
Cells cooperating together for a common purpose.
Cell
A _____ is the lowest level of biological organization to have characteristics of life.
,Organelle
Subpart of a cell that performs a particular function - e.g., mitochondrion.
Macromolecule
Monomer's bonded together
Molecule
2 or more atoms bonded together (actual monomers are many more than 2)
Atom
Smallest unit of each element that retains that element's characteristics.
Subatomic Particles
Protons, neutrons and electrons.
Biome
A large, naturally occurring community of flora and fauna in a major habitat. E.g., Raleigh is
an eastern temperate deciduous forest.
Divergent Evolution
,We are united by an evolutionary past. All stem from a limited # of single-celled organisms -
life began on earth as primitive cells 3.5-4 billion years ago.
Origin of Life
3.8 Billion Years Ago
Solar System
4.5 Billion Years Ago
When did Dinosaurs Become Extinct?
65 Million Years Ago
Evolution
ANY change in the average characteristics of a population over time.
Does not create new things; gives old things new uses (homologous structures). E.g., Milk
Carton birdhouse.
What is the Central Dogma?
The information contained in DNA is expressed through the production of mRNA via
transcription and the synthesis of proteins via translation of mRNA
, Central Dogma
DNA →(transcription)→ mRNA →(translation)→ Protein.
Mutation
Any change in the sequence of the nucleotide bases in the DNA of an individual. Random
changes in the genetic material of organisms.
Describe the Relationship Between Mutation and Central Dogma
A change in the sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA will result in a change in the
sequence of the nucleotide bases in the mRNA and this may lead to a change in the
sequence of the amino acids in the protein. This new sequence of amino acids in the
protein could affect its function either positively or negatively.
Vertical Evolution
New species evolve from pre-existing species by the accumulation of mutations, which are
random changes in the genetic material of organisms.
Natural Selection
Mutations that alter the traits of an organism such that their chances of surviving and
reproducing are increased.
When a mutation causes a beneficial change, frequency of the mutation may increase in a
population from one generation to the next.
