Bacteria and viruses are pathogens
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agents that cause disease symptoms in their hosts
Many viruses have protein fibers with a
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knob or spike glycoproteins that help them bind a host cell
Capisds
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are composed of one or several protein subunits called capsomers; variety
of shapes - helical and polyhedral
Flippase requires
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A T P to transport lipids between leaflets
flip-flop" of lipids from one leaflet to the opposite leaflet does not occur
spontaneously
Plasmolysis
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plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall-when water exits the cell
Endocytosis
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Plasma membrane invaginates (folds inward) to form a vesicle that brings
substances into the cell
Osmosis
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Water diffuses through a membrane from an area with more water to an
area with less water
This is NOT movement of a solute!!!
If the solutes cannot move, water movement can make the cell shrink or
swell as water leaves or enters the cell
Genetic Properties of Bacteria cells
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Bacteria are unicellular; some remain associated with each other after cell
division, forming pairs, chains or clumps
Genes of bacteria are found in bacterial chromosomes
Usually a single type of chromosome
May have more than one copy of that chromosome
Number of copies depends on the bacterial species and on growth
conditions
Typically 1 to 4 identical chromosomes
Contrast
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How different one structure looks from another or from the background
Differences in lightness, darkness, or color
Contrast can be enhanced by special dyes to reveal cellular structure
Presence of cholesterol
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Cholesterol tends to stabilize membranes
Reproduce by
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binary fission - NOT mitosis
Plasmids usually replicate independently of the bacterial chromosome
Nuclear genome =
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chromosomes in the nucleus
Composition of lipid raft is
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agents that cause disease symptoms in their hosts
Many viruses have protein fibers with a
,Give this one a try later!
knob or spike glycoproteins that help them bind a host cell
Capisds
Give this one a try later!
are composed of one or several protein subunits called capsomers; variety
of shapes - helical and polyhedral
Flippase requires
Give this one a try later!
A T P to transport lipids between leaflets
flip-flop" of lipids from one leaflet to the opposite leaflet does not occur
spontaneously
Plasmolysis
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plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall-when water exits the cell
Endocytosis
,Give this one a try later!
Plasma membrane invaginates (folds inward) to form a vesicle that brings
substances into the cell
Osmosis
Give this one a try later!
Water diffuses through a membrane from an area with more water to an
area with less water
This is NOT movement of a solute!!!
If the solutes cannot move, water movement can make the cell shrink or
swell as water leaves or enters the cell
Genetic Properties of Bacteria cells
Give this one a try later!
Bacteria are unicellular; some remain associated with each other after cell
division, forming pairs, chains or clumps
Genes of bacteria are found in bacterial chromosomes
Usually a single type of chromosome
May have more than one copy of that chromosome
Number of copies depends on the bacterial species and on growth
conditions
Typically 1 to 4 identical chromosomes
Contrast
, Give this one a try later!
How different one structure looks from another or from the background
Differences in lightness, darkness, or color
Contrast can be enhanced by special dyes to reveal cellular structure
Presence of cholesterol
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Cholesterol tends to stabilize membranes
Reproduce by
Give this one a try later!
binary fission - NOT mitosis
Plasmids usually replicate independently of the bacterial chromosome
Nuclear genome =
Give this one a try later!
chromosomes in the nucleus
Composition of lipid raft is
