HED 311 Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026
Define social determinants of health - Answers conditions in the environments in which people
are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning,
and quality of life outcomes and risks
examples of social determinants of health - Answers safe housing, transportation,
neighborhoods, racisms/ discrimination, education, job opportunities, income, access to
nutritious foods & physical activity opportunities, polluted air & water, language & literacy skills
social determinants of health contribute to ______ disparities and ______ - Answers health
disparities and inequalities
what are the five categories of social determinants of health? - Answers education access &
quality, economic stability, health care access & quality, neighborhood/ built environment, social
& community context
what strategies are used to address economic stabillity? - Answers - employment programs,
career counseling, high- quality child care to help people find/ keep jobs
- policies that help people pay for food, housing, health care and education
what strategies are used to address education access and quality? - Answers interventions
aimed at: anti-bullying, children do well in school, help families pay for college
what policies are used to address health care access and quality? - Answers strategies to
increase insurance coverage rates, increase access to health care professionals and improve
communication (telehealth)
what policies are used to address the neighborhood and built environment? - Answers providing
people with opportunity to walk or bike in their neighborhood, reducing crime
what policies are used to address social and community context? - Answers helping people get
social and community support they need, engage in civics/ volunteering
define health disparities - Answers differences that exist among specific population groups in
the US in the attainment of full health potential that can be measured in incidence, prevalence,
mortality, burden of disease and other adverse health conditions
health disparities can be measured by - Answers incidence, prevalence, mortality, burden of
disease and other adverse health conditions
health disparities can be based on - Answers race/ ethnicity, socioeconomic status, gender,
sexual orientation, disability status, military veterans and rural vs urban area residence
Social Security Act of 1935 - Answers deliberately excluded agricultural workers and domestic
servants (occupations held by black men and women)
, War on Drugs/ tough crime policies - Answers stereotyped black Americans as drug addicts,
despite similar prevalence in white Americans; disproportionately targeted black people for
incarceration
examples of structural racism - Answers -social security act of 1935
- war on drugs and tough- on- crime policies
Redlining - Answers legal practice in 1934 that marked maps with red lines to delineate
neighborhoods where mortgages were denied/ marginalized
disparities linked to SDOH - Answers - economic injustice and social deprivation
- environmental and occupational health inequities
- psychosocial trauma
- targeted marketing of health- harming substances
-inadequate health care
- state- sanctioned violence and alienation from property
- political exclusion
- maladaptive coping behavior
-stereotype threats
what. did the Whitehall study reveal about the connection between health and wealth? - Answers
the more money you have, the healthier you will be
- "illness and death rates correlate to status"
what is the health- wealth gradient? - Answers as your wealth increases, so does your health.
- over 70% of affluent Americans report very good to excellent health, which is almost 2x the
amount as poor Americans
Dr. David Williams says: "Stress helps motivate us. In our society today everybody experiences
stress. The person who has no stress is a person who is dead." Describe the body's stress (fight
- or-flight) response. - Answers when the brain senses a threat, adrenal glands release stress
hormones, including cortisol. in large amounts, it can increase BP, HR and blood glucose levels
difference between chronic stress and normal stress - Answers normal stress can help motivate
and cortisol is good for memory, immune function & can help with energy levels. Chronic stress
can cause constant wear and tear on the body & lead to higher rates of chronic illness &
accelerated aging
Define social determinants of health - Answers conditions in the environments in which people
are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning,
and quality of life outcomes and risks
examples of social determinants of health - Answers safe housing, transportation,
neighborhoods, racisms/ discrimination, education, job opportunities, income, access to
nutritious foods & physical activity opportunities, polluted air & water, language & literacy skills
social determinants of health contribute to ______ disparities and ______ - Answers health
disparities and inequalities
what are the five categories of social determinants of health? - Answers education access &
quality, economic stability, health care access & quality, neighborhood/ built environment, social
& community context
what strategies are used to address economic stabillity? - Answers - employment programs,
career counseling, high- quality child care to help people find/ keep jobs
- policies that help people pay for food, housing, health care and education
what strategies are used to address education access and quality? - Answers interventions
aimed at: anti-bullying, children do well in school, help families pay for college
what policies are used to address health care access and quality? - Answers strategies to
increase insurance coverage rates, increase access to health care professionals and improve
communication (telehealth)
what policies are used to address the neighborhood and built environment? - Answers providing
people with opportunity to walk or bike in their neighborhood, reducing crime
what policies are used to address social and community context? - Answers helping people get
social and community support they need, engage in civics/ volunteering
define health disparities - Answers differences that exist among specific population groups in
the US in the attainment of full health potential that can be measured in incidence, prevalence,
mortality, burden of disease and other adverse health conditions
health disparities can be measured by - Answers incidence, prevalence, mortality, burden of
disease and other adverse health conditions
health disparities can be based on - Answers race/ ethnicity, socioeconomic status, gender,
sexual orientation, disability status, military veterans and rural vs urban area residence
Social Security Act of 1935 - Answers deliberately excluded agricultural workers and domestic
servants (occupations held by black men and women)
, War on Drugs/ tough crime policies - Answers stereotyped black Americans as drug addicts,
despite similar prevalence in white Americans; disproportionately targeted black people for
incarceration
examples of structural racism - Answers -social security act of 1935
- war on drugs and tough- on- crime policies
Redlining - Answers legal practice in 1934 that marked maps with red lines to delineate
neighborhoods where mortgages were denied/ marginalized
disparities linked to SDOH - Answers - economic injustice and social deprivation
- environmental and occupational health inequities
- psychosocial trauma
- targeted marketing of health- harming substances
-inadequate health care
- state- sanctioned violence and alienation from property
- political exclusion
- maladaptive coping behavior
-stereotype threats
what. did the Whitehall study reveal about the connection between health and wealth? - Answers
the more money you have, the healthier you will be
- "illness and death rates correlate to status"
what is the health- wealth gradient? - Answers as your wealth increases, so does your health.
- over 70% of affluent Americans report very good to excellent health, which is almost 2x the
amount as poor Americans
Dr. David Williams says: "Stress helps motivate us. In our society today everybody experiences
stress. The person who has no stress is a person who is dead." Describe the body's stress (fight
- or-flight) response. - Answers when the brain senses a threat, adrenal glands release stress
hormones, including cortisol. in large amounts, it can increase BP, HR and blood glucose levels
difference between chronic stress and normal stress - Answers normal stress can help motivate
and cortisol is good for memory, immune function & can help with energy levels. Chronic stress
can cause constant wear and tear on the body & lead to higher rates of chronic illness &
accelerated aging
