UCLA OPERATIONS ACTUAL FIFAL PAPER UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔List the criteria for a rapid extrication of a patient. - ✔✔Patients with an altered LOC,
inadequate ventilation or shock (hypoperfusion), extreme weather, patient sitting in car.
You use rapid extrication when vehicle or scene is unsafe, explosives/ hazardous
material on scene, fire or danger of, can't assess a patient, need intervention that
requires supine, life threatening conditions, patient blocks access to another patient.
✔✔Describe the process for making patient contact when the patient is in a vehicle and
the doors cannot be opened. - ✔✔Wait to make sure any hazardous materials aren't
present and the scene is safe. If the doors cannot open, wait for the rescue team to jam
open the doors for you to access the patient as it is their responsibility to do so.
✔✔Explain the proper place to dispose of sharps. page 47 - ✔✔Do Not recap, break, or
bend needles. Dispose of all sharp items that might have been in contact with human
secretions in approved, closed, rigid containers
✔✔List the types of restraints and the proper use of them when providing patient care. -
✔✔Forcible restraint is sometimes necessary when you are confronted with a patient
who is in need of medical treatment and transportation but is combative and presents a
significant physical risk of danger to himself, rescuers, or others. Such behavior may
result from an underlying psychiatric or behavioral condition, the effects of drugs, or a
medical condition such as a head injury or hypoxia. Physically preventing such people
from initiation any physical action is legally permissible and may be required before
emergency care can be rendered. Typically, you should consult medical control for
authorization to restrain or contact law enforcement personnel who have the authority to
restrain people. In some states, only a police officer may forcibly restrain an individual.
You should be knowledgeable about local laws. Restraint without legal authority
exposes you to potential civil and criminal penalties. Restraint may be used only in
circumstances of risk to the patient or others. When a patient is combative and poses a
risk to the rescuer, it is advisable to wait for law enforcement to arrive on scene before
attempting to treat the patient
Triangle bandages, roller gauze, commercially available disposable restraints or leather
restraints. Applied to the patient in supine position one hand by the side other above the
head to not permit the patient from breaking free. Restraint patient to backboard or
stretcher
✔✔List the criteria for not providing any interventions or CPR in a patient. - ✔✔If a pt
has definitive signs of death: obvious mortal damage (i.e. decapitation), dependent
lividity(blood settling to the lowest point of the body, causing discoloration of the skin),
rigor mortis(the stiffening of body muscles caused by chemical changes within muscle
tissue. Develops in the face & jaw, gradually extending downward until body is in full
rigor. Rate of onset depends on body's ability to lose heat to its surroundings. Rate of
heat loss is faster in a thin body than a fat body. Body on a tile floor looses heat faster
, than a body wrapped in a blanket. Rigor mortis occurs between 2-12 hours after death),
Putrefaction(decomposition of body tissues, depending on body temp it may take
between 40-96 hours after death)
If a pt has a DNR order
If the scene is unsafe
✔✔Define a Do Not Resuscitate Order, who might have one, and how it impacts the
care provided by an EMT. - ✔✔DNR: written documentation by a physician giving
permission to medical personnel not to attempt resuscitation in the event of cardiac
arrest
People who are in hospice (patient in a terminal stage of an incurable disease)
As EMT's we should not resuscitate pt if they are in cardiac arrest, but if the pt is still
alive, we should still treat the pt (oxygen delivery, pain relief, comfort, basic airway,
breathing, and circulatory support, but NO cardiopulmonary resuscitation)
✔✔Describe when an EMT would not follow the direction provided by a Do Not
Resuscitate Order. - ✔✔If the DNR order is expired, the morally correct action to take is
to resuscitate the pt
There may be a situation where the pt's family want you to resuscitate the pt and
medical control may order you to initiate care based on the family's request.
DNR orders must meet the following requirements:
Clear statement of pt's medical problem
Signature of pt, or pt's legal guardian
Signature of one or more physicians, or other licensed health care provider
In some states, DNR orders have expiration dates. DNR orders w/ expiration dates
must be dated in the preceding 12 months to be valid
✔✔List and define the types of consent. - ✔✔Permission to render care
Expressed, Implied, & Involuntary
Expressed: (aka actual consent) type of consent pt gives verbally or otherwise
acknowledges that he/she wants you to provide care or transport
To be valid, the consent the patient provides must be INFORMED CONSENT (you
explained the nature of the treatment being offered, along with the potential risks,
benefits, and alternatives to treatment, along with potential consequences of refusing
treatment) ALWAYS DOCUMENT CONSENT IN PCR
Implied: type of consent in which a pt who's unable to give consent is given treatment
under the legal assumption that he/she would want treatment (pt is unconscious,
incapable of making a rational decision, intoxicated, head injury) Implied consent should
only be used when there is a threat to life (try getting consent from spouse, next of kin,
or other relative before implied consent, but DON'T delay care on pt's w/ life-threatening
injuries)
Involuntary: cases in which pt is mentally ill, developmentally delayed, behavioral crisis
(consent should be obtained from someone who is legally responsible for pt)
Minors: we are allowed to give emergency care if we can't reach parent/legal guardian.
Emancipated minors may give consent for themselves or if have a child of their own
may give consent for their own child. In case child is at school/camp, people in charge
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔List the criteria for a rapid extrication of a patient. - ✔✔Patients with an altered LOC,
inadequate ventilation or shock (hypoperfusion), extreme weather, patient sitting in car.
You use rapid extrication when vehicle or scene is unsafe, explosives/ hazardous
material on scene, fire or danger of, can't assess a patient, need intervention that
requires supine, life threatening conditions, patient blocks access to another patient.
✔✔Describe the process for making patient contact when the patient is in a vehicle and
the doors cannot be opened. - ✔✔Wait to make sure any hazardous materials aren't
present and the scene is safe. If the doors cannot open, wait for the rescue team to jam
open the doors for you to access the patient as it is their responsibility to do so.
✔✔Explain the proper place to dispose of sharps. page 47 - ✔✔Do Not recap, break, or
bend needles. Dispose of all sharp items that might have been in contact with human
secretions in approved, closed, rigid containers
✔✔List the types of restraints and the proper use of them when providing patient care. -
✔✔Forcible restraint is sometimes necessary when you are confronted with a patient
who is in need of medical treatment and transportation but is combative and presents a
significant physical risk of danger to himself, rescuers, or others. Such behavior may
result from an underlying psychiatric or behavioral condition, the effects of drugs, or a
medical condition such as a head injury or hypoxia. Physically preventing such people
from initiation any physical action is legally permissible and may be required before
emergency care can be rendered. Typically, you should consult medical control for
authorization to restrain or contact law enforcement personnel who have the authority to
restrain people. In some states, only a police officer may forcibly restrain an individual.
You should be knowledgeable about local laws. Restraint without legal authority
exposes you to potential civil and criminal penalties. Restraint may be used only in
circumstances of risk to the patient or others. When a patient is combative and poses a
risk to the rescuer, it is advisable to wait for law enforcement to arrive on scene before
attempting to treat the patient
Triangle bandages, roller gauze, commercially available disposable restraints or leather
restraints. Applied to the patient in supine position one hand by the side other above the
head to not permit the patient from breaking free. Restraint patient to backboard or
stretcher
✔✔List the criteria for not providing any interventions or CPR in a patient. - ✔✔If a pt
has definitive signs of death: obvious mortal damage (i.e. decapitation), dependent
lividity(blood settling to the lowest point of the body, causing discoloration of the skin),
rigor mortis(the stiffening of body muscles caused by chemical changes within muscle
tissue. Develops in the face & jaw, gradually extending downward until body is in full
rigor. Rate of onset depends on body's ability to lose heat to its surroundings. Rate of
heat loss is faster in a thin body than a fat body. Body on a tile floor looses heat faster
, than a body wrapped in a blanket. Rigor mortis occurs between 2-12 hours after death),
Putrefaction(decomposition of body tissues, depending on body temp it may take
between 40-96 hours after death)
If a pt has a DNR order
If the scene is unsafe
✔✔Define a Do Not Resuscitate Order, who might have one, and how it impacts the
care provided by an EMT. - ✔✔DNR: written documentation by a physician giving
permission to medical personnel not to attempt resuscitation in the event of cardiac
arrest
People who are in hospice (patient in a terminal stage of an incurable disease)
As EMT's we should not resuscitate pt if they are in cardiac arrest, but if the pt is still
alive, we should still treat the pt (oxygen delivery, pain relief, comfort, basic airway,
breathing, and circulatory support, but NO cardiopulmonary resuscitation)
✔✔Describe when an EMT would not follow the direction provided by a Do Not
Resuscitate Order. - ✔✔If the DNR order is expired, the morally correct action to take is
to resuscitate the pt
There may be a situation where the pt's family want you to resuscitate the pt and
medical control may order you to initiate care based on the family's request.
DNR orders must meet the following requirements:
Clear statement of pt's medical problem
Signature of pt, or pt's legal guardian
Signature of one or more physicians, or other licensed health care provider
In some states, DNR orders have expiration dates. DNR orders w/ expiration dates
must be dated in the preceding 12 months to be valid
✔✔List and define the types of consent. - ✔✔Permission to render care
Expressed, Implied, & Involuntary
Expressed: (aka actual consent) type of consent pt gives verbally or otherwise
acknowledges that he/she wants you to provide care or transport
To be valid, the consent the patient provides must be INFORMED CONSENT (you
explained the nature of the treatment being offered, along with the potential risks,
benefits, and alternatives to treatment, along with potential consequences of refusing
treatment) ALWAYS DOCUMENT CONSENT IN PCR
Implied: type of consent in which a pt who's unable to give consent is given treatment
under the legal assumption that he/she would want treatment (pt is unconscious,
incapable of making a rational decision, intoxicated, head injury) Implied consent should
only be used when there is a threat to life (try getting consent from spouse, next of kin,
or other relative before implied consent, but DON'T delay care on pt's w/ life-threatening
injuries)
Involuntary: cases in which pt is mentally ill, developmentally delayed, behavioral crisis
(consent should be obtained from someone who is legally responsible for pt)
Minors: we are allowed to give emergency care if we can't reach parent/legal guardian.
Emancipated minors may give consent for themselves or if have a child of their own
may give consent for their own child. In case child is at school/camp, people in charge
