BIOD 331 Module 3: Questions & Answers
Question 1
Not yet graded / 0 pts
What is innate immunity?
Your Answer:
Innate immunity, also known as natural immunity, is the body's first line of
defense.
Innate immunity, also called natural immunity, is the first line of defense. This
type of defense is in place before an infection takes place and can function
immediately. It is comprised of physical, chemical, cellular, and molecular
defenses.
Question 2
Not yet graded / 0 pts
How does the skin act as a physical barrier?
Your Answer:
The skin acts as a primary physical barrier because it has closely packed cells in
multiple layers that are continuously being shed and renewed. Keratin covers the
skin, which creates a salty, acidic environment inhospitable to microbes. It also
contains antimicrobial proteins and lysozymes that inhibit microorganisms and
help to destroy them.
The skin’s design makes it a strong physical barrier. It has closely packed cells in
multiple layers that are continuously being shed. Keratin covers the skin, which
creates a salty, acidic environment inhospitable to microbes. It also contains
antimicrobial proteins and lysozymes that inhibit microorganisms and help to
destroy them.
,Question 3
Not yet graded / 0 pts
What cells are involved in innate immunity?
Your Answer:
Neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells (DC), natural killer (NK) cells, and
intraepithelial lymphocytes are all cells involved in innate immunity.
The cells responsible for this response include neutrophils, macrophages,
dendritic cells (DC), natural killer (NK) cells, and intraepithelial lymphocytes.
Question 4
Not yet graded / 0 pts
Describe each type of leukocyte and explain their function:
Your Answer:
Granulocytes contain granules and include neutrophils, eosinophils, and
basophils.
Agranulocytes lack granules and include monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes.
Neutrophils are the most abundant in the body and are an early responder in
innate immunity and use phagocytosis to kill microbes. Eosinophils are active in
parasitic infections and allergic responses. Basophils release histamine and
proteolytic enzymes. Monocytes are the largest in size and are released from the
bone marrow and mature into macrophages and dendritic cells where they
engage in the inflammatory response and phagocytize foreign substances and
cellular debris. Macrophages have a long life span, reside in the tissues, and are
the first phagocyte that organisms encounter. Neutrophils and macrophages
work together on behalf of the host’s initial defense system.
, Question 5
Not yet graded / 0 pts Describe
adaptive immunity:
Your Answer:
Adaptive immunity, also called acquired immunity, is the second line of defense. It
is initiated in response to cell-specific substances known as antigens.
Adaptive immunity, also called acquired immunity, is the second line of defense
and includes both humoral and cellular mechanisms that respond to cell-specific
substances known as antigens. Adaptive immunity is acquired through previous
exposure to infections and other foreign agents. It can not only distinguish self
from nonself but can recognize and destroy specific foreign agents based on
their different antigenic properties. This response takes more time but is
extremely effective.
Question 6
Not yet graded / 0 pts What
are antigens?
Your Answer:
Antigens are foreign substances that elicit an adaptive immune response when
present in the body.
Antigens are present on the surface of pathogens or other foreign substances
that elicit the adaptive immune response.
Question 7
Not yet graded / 0 pts
What are the primary cells of adaptive immunity?
Question 1
Not yet graded / 0 pts
What is innate immunity?
Your Answer:
Innate immunity, also known as natural immunity, is the body's first line of
defense.
Innate immunity, also called natural immunity, is the first line of defense. This
type of defense is in place before an infection takes place and can function
immediately. It is comprised of physical, chemical, cellular, and molecular
defenses.
Question 2
Not yet graded / 0 pts
How does the skin act as a physical barrier?
Your Answer:
The skin acts as a primary physical barrier because it has closely packed cells in
multiple layers that are continuously being shed and renewed. Keratin covers the
skin, which creates a salty, acidic environment inhospitable to microbes. It also
contains antimicrobial proteins and lysozymes that inhibit microorganisms and
help to destroy them.
The skin’s design makes it a strong physical barrier. It has closely packed cells in
multiple layers that are continuously being shed. Keratin covers the skin, which
creates a salty, acidic environment inhospitable to microbes. It also contains
antimicrobial proteins and lysozymes that inhibit microorganisms and help to
destroy them.
,Question 3
Not yet graded / 0 pts
What cells are involved in innate immunity?
Your Answer:
Neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells (DC), natural killer (NK) cells, and
intraepithelial lymphocytes are all cells involved in innate immunity.
The cells responsible for this response include neutrophils, macrophages,
dendritic cells (DC), natural killer (NK) cells, and intraepithelial lymphocytes.
Question 4
Not yet graded / 0 pts
Describe each type of leukocyte and explain their function:
Your Answer:
Granulocytes contain granules and include neutrophils, eosinophils, and
basophils.
Agranulocytes lack granules and include monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes.
Neutrophils are the most abundant in the body and are an early responder in
innate immunity and use phagocytosis to kill microbes. Eosinophils are active in
parasitic infections and allergic responses. Basophils release histamine and
proteolytic enzymes. Monocytes are the largest in size and are released from the
bone marrow and mature into macrophages and dendritic cells where they
engage in the inflammatory response and phagocytize foreign substances and
cellular debris. Macrophages have a long life span, reside in the tissues, and are
the first phagocyte that organisms encounter. Neutrophils and macrophages
work together on behalf of the host’s initial defense system.
, Question 5
Not yet graded / 0 pts Describe
adaptive immunity:
Your Answer:
Adaptive immunity, also called acquired immunity, is the second line of defense. It
is initiated in response to cell-specific substances known as antigens.
Adaptive immunity, also called acquired immunity, is the second line of defense
and includes both humoral and cellular mechanisms that respond to cell-specific
substances known as antigens. Adaptive immunity is acquired through previous
exposure to infections and other foreign agents. It can not only distinguish self
from nonself but can recognize and destroy specific foreign agents based on
their different antigenic properties. This response takes more time but is
extremely effective.
Question 6
Not yet graded / 0 pts What
are antigens?
Your Answer:
Antigens are foreign substances that elicit an adaptive immune response when
present in the body.
Antigens are present on the surface of pathogens or other foreign substances
that elicit the adaptive immune response.
Question 7
Not yet graded / 0 pts
What are the primary cells of adaptive immunity?
