MSN 570 Advanced
Pathophysiology
Final Exam Latest
2026 Exam Questions
and Correct Answers
, lOMoAR cPSD| 19500986
1. A 65-year-old man is admitted to the intensive care unit from the operating room after a
triple coronary artery bypass graft. He is intubated and on a ventilator. Lactic acid levels
were normal postoperatively, but now they are rising. The increased level could be an
indication of:
A) excessive sedation.
B) bowel ischemia.
C) excessive volume infusion in the operating room.
D) mild hypothermia
postoperatively.
CORRECT>> B
2. Which of the following statements describes a cellular membrane exchange process that is
active?
A) Sodium moving out of cells and potassium moving into cells
B) The movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to an area of
high solute concentration
C) The movement of insulin using a protein to travel across the cell membrane
D) Oxygen moving across the pulmonary capillaries to an area of high
carbon dioxide CORRECT>> A
3. The canola plants genome is altered to produce an herbicide resistant crop. The canola
oil produced from this crop is an example of a:
A) pesticide-free food.
B) saturated fat food.
C) genetically modified food.
D) product that is
pure.
CORRECT>> C
4. A 30-year-old man has a history of heart transplant and is receiving long-term steroids
to prevent rejection. The patient (client) is due for routine vaccines. Attenuated vaccines
are contraindicated in this patient (client) because the antigen is:
A) live and can cause infection.
B) mutated and infectious.
C) inactive but still infectious.
D) pathogeni
c. CORRECT>> A
5. A 20-year-old male shoots his hand with a nail gun while replacing roofing shingles.
Which of the following cell types would be the first to aid in killing bacteria to prevent
infection in his hand?
A) Eosinophils
B) Neutrophils
C) Leukotrienes
D) Monocytes CORRECT>> B
6. Plasma protein inflammatory mediator systems include:
A) phagocytic, interferon, and complement systems.
B) complement, fibrinolytic, and clotting systems.
C) complement, clotting, and kinin systems.
D) complement, clotting, and acute phase reactant
, lOMoAR cPSD| 19500986
systems. CORRECT>> C
7. Which of the following types of vitamin or mineral deficiency can cause megaloblastic
anemia and is associated with lower extremity paresthesias?
A) Vitamin B12
B) Folate
C) Iron
D) Vitamin
K
CORRECT
>> A
8. Anemia of chronic inflammation is generally classified as:
A) hypochromic and microcytic.
B) hypochromic and macrocytic.
C) normochromic and microcytic.
D) normochromic and
normocytic.
CORRECT>> D
9. A hemoglobin electrophoresis is done to evaluate for sickle cell disease. The report
reveals the person has HbAS, which means the person:
A) is normal with no sickle disease.
B) is a sickle cell carrier.
C) has sickle cell anemia.
D) has
thalassemia.
CORRECT>> B
10. Primary hypercholesteremia is often a result of:
A) high-density lipoprotein (HDL) defects.
B) monogenic mutations and sedentary lifestyle and high cholesterol in diet.
C) polygenic mutations and environmental factors.
D) low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor mutation with defects in the
breakdown. CORRECT>> D
11. The early stages of atheroma development is characterized by:
A) macrophages full of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL; i.e., foam cells) in the intima.
B) accumulation of lipids in the intima (i.e., fatty streak).
C) accumulation of proteins such as collagen and elastin (i.e., fibrous cap).
D) development of calcium and a necrotic
lipid core. CORRECT>> A
B) with elevation of the extremity because blood is
diverted away.
12. Pain in the lower
extremities due to
peripheral artery
disease usually worsens:
A) with rest because blood
flow increases.
Pathophysiology
Final Exam Latest
2026 Exam Questions
and Correct Answers
, lOMoAR cPSD| 19500986
1. A 65-year-old man is admitted to the intensive care unit from the operating room after a
triple coronary artery bypass graft. He is intubated and on a ventilator. Lactic acid levels
were normal postoperatively, but now they are rising. The increased level could be an
indication of:
A) excessive sedation.
B) bowel ischemia.
C) excessive volume infusion in the operating room.
D) mild hypothermia
postoperatively.
CORRECT>> B
2. Which of the following statements describes a cellular membrane exchange process that is
active?
A) Sodium moving out of cells and potassium moving into cells
B) The movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to an area of
high solute concentration
C) The movement of insulin using a protein to travel across the cell membrane
D) Oxygen moving across the pulmonary capillaries to an area of high
carbon dioxide CORRECT>> A
3. The canola plants genome is altered to produce an herbicide resistant crop. The canola
oil produced from this crop is an example of a:
A) pesticide-free food.
B) saturated fat food.
C) genetically modified food.
D) product that is
pure.
CORRECT>> C
4. A 30-year-old man has a history of heart transplant and is receiving long-term steroids
to prevent rejection. The patient (client) is due for routine vaccines. Attenuated vaccines
are contraindicated in this patient (client) because the antigen is:
A) live and can cause infection.
B) mutated and infectious.
C) inactive but still infectious.
D) pathogeni
c. CORRECT>> A
5. A 20-year-old male shoots his hand with a nail gun while replacing roofing shingles.
Which of the following cell types would be the first to aid in killing bacteria to prevent
infection in his hand?
A) Eosinophils
B) Neutrophils
C) Leukotrienes
D) Monocytes CORRECT>> B
6. Plasma protein inflammatory mediator systems include:
A) phagocytic, interferon, and complement systems.
B) complement, fibrinolytic, and clotting systems.
C) complement, clotting, and kinin systems.
D) complement, clotting, and acute phase reactant
, lOMoAR cPSD| 19500986
systems. CORRECT>> C
7. Which of the following types of vitamin or mineral deficiency can cause megaloblastic
anemia and is associated with lower extremity paresthesias?
A) Vitamin B12
B) Folate
C) Iron
D) Vitamin
K
CORRECT
>> A
8. Anemia of chronic inflammation is generally classified as:
A) hypochromic and microcytic.
B) hypochromic and macrocytic.
C) normochromic and microcytic.
D) normochromic and
normocytic.
CORRECT>> D
9. A hemoglobin electrophoresis is done to evaluate for sickle cell disease. The report
reveals the person has HbAS, which means the person:
A) is normal with no sickle disease.
B) is a sickle cell carrier.
C) has sickle cell anemia.
D) has
thalassemia.
CORRECT>> B
10. Primary hypercholesteremia is often a result of:
A) high-density lipoprotein (HDL) defects.
B) monogenic mutations and sedentary lifestyle and high cholesterol in diet.
C) polygenic mutations and environmental factors.
D) low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor mutation with defects in the
breakdown. CORRECT>> D
11. The early stages of atheroma development is characterized by:
A) macrophages full of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL; i.e., foam cells) in the intima.
B) accumulation of lipids in the intima (i.e., fatty streak).
C) accumulation of proteins such as collagen and elastin (i.e., fibrous cap).
D) development of calcium and a necrotic
lipid core. CORRECT>> A
B) with elevation of the extremity because blood is
diverted away.
12. Pain in the lower
extremities due to
peripheral artery
disease usually worsens:
A) with rest because blood
flow increases.
