NUR 150
Fundamental Concepts of Practical
Nursing I
Proctored Midterm Exam Review
(With Solutions)
2026
1
,A patient with congestive heart failure exhibits sudden shortness of
breath and crackles in the lungs. What is the most appropriate
immediate nursing intervention?
A) Administer a high-protein meal
B) Elevate the head of the bed to 45 degrees
C) Withhold all medications
D) Apply cold compress to the chest
Answer: B
Rationale: Elevating the head of the bed helps reduce venous return
and pulmonary congestion, improving breathing.
Which laboratory value requires the nurse to withhold a patient’s
prescribed anticoagulant and notify the healthcare provider?
A) Hemoglobin 12 g/dL
B) INR 5.5
C) Potassium 4.0 mEq/L
D) BUN 18 mg/dL
Answer: B
Rationale: An INR of 5.5 is critically high, increasing bleeding risk;
anticoagulants should be withheld and the provider notified.
In administering the first dose of an intramuscular antibiotic, the
nurse notices the patient develops a rash and wheezing. What is the
priority action?
A) Document the reaction and continue therapy
B) Administer an antihistamine immediately
C) Stop the medication and call for emergency assistance
D) Wait for further symptoms before acting
Answer: C
Rationale: Rash and wheezing indicate anaphylaxis; medication must
be stopped and emergency treatment initiated.
2
, When teaching a diabetic patient about foot care, the nurse should
emphasize:
A) Using harsh soaps to clean the feet
B) Inspecting feet daily for cuts or blisters
C) Walking barefoot indoors
D) Applying lotion between toes
Answer: B
Rationale: Daily inspection prevents unnoticed injuries that can lead
to infections; harsh soaps and walking barefoot increase risks.
Which statement best demonstrates understanding of standard
precautions?
A) Gloves are worn only when contact with blood is anticipated
B) Hand hygiene is necessary only after patient care
C) Respiratory hygiene should include covering the mouth and nose
during coughing
D) Isolation gowns are unnecessary for contact precautions
Answer: C
Rationale: Respiratory hygiene is part of standard precautions to
reduce infection transmission.
True/False Questions
True or False: The priority in wound care is maintaining a moist
environment to promote healing.
Answer: True
Rationale: A moist environment facilitates cell migration and tissue
repair.
True or False: A patient who has refused medication cannot be legally
given a dose against their will.
Answer: True
Rationale: Patient autonomy is paramount; forced medication except
3
Fundamental Concepts of Practical
Nursing I
Proctored Midterm Exam Review
(With Solutions)
2026
1
,A patient with congestive heart failure exhibits sudden shortness of
breath and crackles in the lungs. What is the most appropriate
immediate nursing intervention?
A) Administer a high-protein meal
B) Elevate the head of the bed to 45 degrees
C) Withhold all medications
D) Apply cold compress to the chest
Answer: B
Rationale: Elevating the head of the bed helps reduce venous return
and pulmonary congestion, improving breathing.
Which laboratory value requires the nurse to withhold a patient’s
prescribed anticoagulant and notify the healthcare provider?
A) Hemoglobin 12 g/dL
B) INR 5.5
C) Potassium 4.0 mEq/L
D) BUN 18 mg/dL
Answer: B
Rationale: An INR of 5.5 is critically high, increasing bleeding risk;
anticoagulants should be withheld and the provider notified.
In administering the first dose of an intramuscular antibiotic, the
nurse notices the patient develops a rash and wheezing. What is the
priority action?
A) Document the reaction and continue therapy
B) Administer an antihistamine immediately
C) Stop the medication and call for emergency assistance
D) Wait for further symptoms before acting
Answer: C
Rationale: Rash and wheezing indicate anaphylaxis; medication must
be stopped and emergency treatment initiated.
2
, When teaching a diabetic patient about foot care, the nurse should
emphasize:
A) Using harsh soaps to clean the feet
B) Inspecting feet daily for cuts or blisters
C) Walking barefoot indoors
D) Applying lotion between toes
Answer: B
Rationale: Daily inspection prevents unnoticed injuries that can lead
to infections; harsh soaps and walking barefoot increase risks.
Which statement best demonstrates understanding of standard
precautions?
A) Gloves are worn only when contact with blood is anticipated
B) Hand hygiene is necessary only after patient care
C) Respiratory hygiene should include covering the mouth and nose
during coughing
D) Isolation gowns are unnecessary for contact precautions
Answer: C
Rationale: Respiratory hygiene is part of standard precautions to
reduce infection transmission.
True/False Questions
True or False: The priority in wound care is maintaining a moist
environment to promote healing.
Answer: True
Rationale: A moist environment facilitates cell migration and tissue
repair.
True or False: A patient who has refused medication cannot be legally
given a dose against their will.
Answer: True
Rationale: Patient autonomy is paramount; forced medication except
3
