PHARMACOLOGY NURS 251 MODULE 9 EXAM
Q&A 2026 STUDY GUIDE WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS
◉ •Transmitted by Health Care Workers
•Hospital has greater # of virulent pathogens
•Increase Cost of health care. Answer: Heath Care Associated
Infections
◉ infection that occurs from diagnostic or thearaputic procedure.
Answer: iatrogenic
◉ bug comes from outside the patient, we introduce the virus to the
patient. Answer: exogenous
◉ comes from within the patient ex. yeast infection is the secondary
infection that might pop up. Answer: endogenous
◉ types of HAIs. Answer: iatrogenic, exogenous, and endogenous
◉ Nosocomial Infection. Answer: Urinary tract, surgical or taumatic
wounds, respiratory, bloodstream
,◉ structureal barriers such as skin, mucous membrane, nose hairs,
tears, saliva, GI acidicty. Answer: primary defense
◉ phagocytosis, inflammation, fever. body is activey trying to fight
off bacteria or virus. Answer: secondary defenses
◉ active and passive immunity. Creates antibodies, memory of how
to fight the infection again. Answer: tertiary defenses
◉ patients at increased risk (susceptible hosst). Answer: damage to
natural or primary defesne mechanisms, age, nutritional status,
stress, disease process
◉ need to have ___ to have active immune sysstem, malnourish isnt
getting enough of these which decreases he fighter cells. Answer:
protein
◉ ____ or _____ puts body as risk for infection since body is already
trying to heal something else. Answer: chronic, acute illness
◉ _____ white blood cells are immature, airways are short, nose to
ear to throat is one little lump. Answer: newborns
,◉ immune system is sluggish, structureal barriers are slow, motility
is slow, repsiratory system is compromised. Answer: elderly
◉ •Redness, swelling & warmth
•Drainage (color, yellow, green, or brown)
•Pain/tenderness
•REEDA
ocurs in particular area. Answer: localized
◉ REEDA. Answer: redness, edema, ecchymosis, drainage,
approximation
◉ •Fever
•Tachycardia/tachypnea
•Fatigue
•Nausea/Vomiting
•Malaise
•Atypical: confusion, incontinence, agitation. Getting moved
throughout body. Answer: systemic
◉ elevated white blood cells count for means of ______. Answer:
infection.
, ◉ •WBC count, Cultures,
•ESR. Answer: laboratory data
◉ ESR. Answer: estimated sedimentation rate. body is in infection
response red blood cells will clump
◉ •Preventing Exposure
•Reducing extent of infection
•Maintaining resistance
•-Verbalizing understanding of infection prevention & control
techniques. Answer: planning stage goals and outcomes
◉ eliminating sources of infection and controlling protals of exist
and entry. Answer: planning nursing interventions
◉ avoiding actions that transmit microorganisms (panning).
Answer: proper use of sterile supplies, isolation precautions, proper
handwashing
◉ maintenance of physiological protective mechanisms and
promoting immunizations. Answer: planning nursing intervention
◉ §Identify causative organisms
Q&A 2026 STUDY GUIDE WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS
◉ •Transmitted by Health Care Workers
•Hospital has greater # of virulent pathogens
•Increase Cost of health care. Answer: Heath Care Associated
Infections
◉ infection that occurs from diagnostic or thearaputic procedure.
Answer: iatrogenic
◉ bug comes from outside the patient, we introduce the virus to the
patient. Answer: exogenous
◉ comes from within the patient ex. yeast infection is the secondary
infection that might pop up. Answer: endogenous
◉ types of HAIs. Answer: iatrogenic, exogenous, and endogenous
◉ Nosocomial Infection. Answer: Urinary tract, surgical or taumatic
wounds, respiratory, bloodstream
,◉ structureal barriers such as skin, mucous membrane, nose hairs,
tears, saliva, GI acidicty. Answer: primary defense
◉ phagocytosis, inflammation, fever. body is activey trying to fight
off bacteria or virus. Answer: secondary defenses
◉ active and passive immunity. Creates antibodies, memory of how
to fight the infection again. Answer: tertiary defenses
◉ patients at increased risk (susceptible hosst). Answer: damage to
natural or primary defesne mechanisms, age, nutritional status,
stress, disease process
◉ need to have ___ to have active immune sysstem, malnourish isnt
getting enough of these which decreases he fighter cells. Answer:
protein
◉ ____ or _____ puts body as risk for infection since body is already
trying to heal something else. Answer: chronic, acute illness
◉ _____ white blood cells are immature, airways are short, nose to
ear to throat is one little lump. Answer: newborns
,◉ immune system is sluggish, structureal barriers are slow, motility
is slow, repsiratory system is compromised. Answer: elderly
◉ •Redness, swelling & warmth
•Drainage (color, yellow, green, or brown)
•Pain/tenderness
•REEDA
ocurs in particular area. Answer: localized
◉ REEDA. Answer: redness, edema, ecchymosis, drainage,
approximation
◉ •Fever
•Tachycardia/tachypnea
•Fatigue
•Nausea/Vomiting
•Malaise
•Atypical: confusion, incontinence, agitation. Getting moved
throughout body. Answer: systemic
◉ elevated white blood cells count for means of ______. Answer:
infection.
, ◉ •WBC count, Cultures,
•ESR. Answer: laboratory data
◉ ESR. Answer: estimated sedimentation rate. body is in infection
response red blood cells will clump
◉ •Preventing Exposure
•Reducing extent of infection
•Maintaining resistance
•-Verbalizing understanding of infection prevention & control
techniques. Answer: planning stage goals and outcomes
◉ eliminating sources of infection and controlling protals of exist
and entry. Answer: planning nursing interventions
◉ avoiding actions that transmit microorganisms (panning).
Answer: proper use of sterile supplies, isolation precautions, proper
handwashing
◉ maintenance of physiological protective mechanisms and
promoting immunizations. Answer: planning nursing intervention
◉ §Identify causative organisms
