SOCS 185 FINAL EXAM 3 – WEEK 8 QUESTION AND ANSWERS(Graded A+) LATEST UPDATE

SOCS 185 FINAL EXAM 3 – WEEK 8 QUESTION AND ANSWERS Question 1 5 / 5 pts (TCO 8) _____ is the incidence of childbearing in a country’s population, while _____ refers to maximum possible childbearing. Fertility; fecundity Active fertility; childbearing potential Birth rate; population growth Fertility; childbearing potential Fecundity; fertility Chapter 15 Question 2 5 / 5 pts (TCO 8) According to Emile Durkheim, while traditional, rural societies were built on _____, modern urban societies are held together by _____. likeness; difference difference; likeness money; morals trust; duct tape choice; conformity Chapter 15 Question 3 5 / 5 pts (TCO 3) Max Weber’s thesis on the Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism highlighted the importance of which of the following in the process of social change? Invention Ideas Social conflict Cultural diffusion Discovery Chapter 16 Question 4 5 / 5 pts (TCO 3) What is an appropriate criticism of the Logic of Growth arguments? It is by no means logical. It ignores the globally dramatic increase in population. It is unnecessarily pessimistic. It assumes that natural resources will always be plentiful. No logic, no growth; know logic, know growth. Chapter 15 Question 5 5 / 5 pts (TCO 8) Which English economist and clergyman warned that rapid population increase would lead to social chaos? Fredrick Engles Thomas Robert Malthus Les Ismore Paul Ehrlich Ralph Nader Chapter 15 Question 6 5 / 5 pts (TCO 3) Select the theme that is NOT part of a post-modernity approach. Cultural debates are declining. In important respects, modernity has failed. Science no longer holds the answers. Social institutions are changing. The bright light of “progress” is fading. Chapter 16 Question 7 5 / 5 pts (TCO 3) Which term is used to refer to the ways in which a social movement utilizes such resources as money, political influence, access to the media, and personnel? Relative deprivation theory Resource deprivation theory Relative mobilization theory Resource mobilization theory Resource relativity theory Chapter 16 Question 8 5 / 5 pts (TCO 8) Which term refers to material culture changing faster than nonmaterial culture? Culture shock Culture lag Cultural relativity Cultural integration Cultural relativism Chapter 16 Question 9 5 / 5 pts (TCO 3) The class-society theory of modernity is based on the ideas of which of the following sociologists? Karl Marx Max Weber Emile Durkheim Ferdinand Tonnies Linus Scrimmage Chapter 16 Question 10 5 / 5 pts (TCO 8) Which type of social movement seeks radical change in all of society? Alternative social movements Redemptive social movements Reformative social movements Revolutionary social movements Reactionary social movements Chapter 16 Question 11 40 / 40 pts (TCOs 1, 2, 3, and 4) Explain the steps in the process of carrying out sociological investigation. What specific questions must be answered as a researcher moves through their investigation? Your Answer: 1) What is your topic? Being curious and using the sociological perspective can generate ideas for social research at any time and in any place. Pick a topic you find interesting and that you think is important to study. 2) What have other already learned? You are probably not the first person with an interest in some issue. Visit the library and search the Internet to see what theories and methods other researchers have applied to your topic. In reviewing the existing research, note problems that have come up to avoid repeating past mistakes. 3) What, exactly, are your questions? Are you seeking to explore an unfamiliar social setting? To describe some category of people? To investigate cause and effect among variables? Clearly state the goals of your research, and operationalize all variables. 4) What will you need to carryout research? How much time and money are available to you? What special equipment or skills does the research require? Can you do all the work yourself? 5) Are there ethical concerns? Might the research harm anyone? How can you minimize the chances for injury? Will you promise your subjects anonymity? If so, how will you ensure that anonymity will be maintained? 6) What method will you use? Consider all major research strategies and combinations of methods. The most suitable method will depend on the kinds of questions you are asking and the resources available to you. 7) How will you record the data? The research method you use guides your data collection. Be sure to record information accurately and in a way that will make sense to you later on (it may be months before you write up the results of your work). Watch out for any personal bias that may creep into your work. 8) What do the data tell you? Determine what the data say about your initial questions. If your study involves a specific hypothesis, you should be able to confirm, reject, or modify it on the basis of your findings. Keep in mind that there will be several ways to interpret your results, depending on the theoretical approach you apply, and you should consider them all. 9) What are your conclusions? Prepare a final report explaining what you have learned. Also, evaluate your own work. What problems arose during the research process? What questions were left unanswered? 10) How can you share what you've learned? Consider making a presentation to your class or maybe even to a meeting of professional sociologists. The point is to share what you have learned with others and to let them respond to your work. Chapter 1 Answer should include: What is your topic? What have others already learned? What, exactly, are your questions? What will you need to carry out research? Are there ethical concerns? What method will you use? How will you record the data? What do the data tell you? What are your conclusions? How can you share what you’ve learned? Question 12 40 / 40 pts (TCOs 3 and 8) You have been asked by a committee of student success coaches to investigate why the rate at which freshman students post to their course threaded discussions is lower than the rate for other groups of students. Explain how the structural-functionalist perspective would analyze and explain the low posting rate. (In other words, consider the contributing factors that the structural-functionalist perspective would focus on in trying to explain the reasons for the low rate of students posting to their threads.) Then discuss a solution that a functionalist might use to encourage freshman students to post. Your Answer: Honestly speaking from my perspective, many students love to tend to be lazy and use the excuse that they didn't have time to complete any thread of discussion. A lot of students like to procrastinate and do it when they feel like it. In other words, they would do it last minute. The solution to this is, when you have little time to yourself, take the time and get it done before you run out of time. It also should meet the requirements as well. Chapter 1 covers the basic elements of the core sociological theories. In addressing the first part of this question, students will need to demonstrate that they understand the basic ideas and concepts of functional theory. In addressing the second part of this question, students will need to demonstrate that they can offer a solution to the problem based on functionalist theory. Question 13 40 / 40 pts (TCOs 6 and 7) Identify and define the four stages in the life course of a social movement. Your Answer: 1) Social change happens all the time.“Nothing is constant except death and taxes” goes the old saying. Yet our thoughts about death have changed dramatically as life expectancy in the United States has nearly doubled in the past century. And back in the Streichers’ day, people in the United States paid no taxes on their earnings; taxation increased dramatically over the course of the twentieth century, along with the size and scope of government. In short, even the things that seem constant are subject to the twists and turns of change. 2) Social change is sometimes intentional but often unplanned. Industrial societies actively promote many kinds of change. For example, auto manufacturers seek more efficient ways to power our cars, and advertisers try to convince us that life is not complete without a 4G cell phone or some other new electronic gadget. Yet rarely can anyone envision all the consequences of the changes that are set in motion. 3) Social change is controversial. The history of the automobile shows that social change brings both good and bad consequences. Capitalists welcomed the Industrial Revolution because new technology increased productivity and swelled profits. However, workers feared that machines would make their skills obsolete and resisted the push toward “progress.” 4) Some changes matter more than others. Some changes (such as clothing fads) have only passing significance; others (like the invention of computers) have already changed the world. Will the Information Revolution turn out to be as important as the Industrial Revolution? Like the automobile and television, computers have both positive and negative effects, providing new kinds of jobs while eliminating old ones, linking people in global electronic networks while isolating people in offices, offering vast amounts of information while threatening personal privacy. Chapter 16. Answer should include the definitions of emergence, coalescence, bureaucratization, and decline. Question 14 40 / 40 pts (TCOs 3, 4, and 6) List and describe the stages that societies go through in Lenski’s sociocultural evolution. Your Answer: 1) Hunting and gathering. With simple technology, hunters and gatherers produce only what is necessary for day-to-day living. Some people may produce more than others, but the group’s survival depends on all sharing what they have. Thus no categories of people are better off than others. 2) Horticultural, Pastoral, Agrarian societies As technological advances create a surplus, social inequality increases. In horticultural and pastoral societies, a small elite controls most of the surplus. Large-scale agriculture is more productive still, and striking inequality—as great as at any time in history—places the nobility in an almost godlike position over the masses. 3) Industrial Societies Industrialization pushes inequality downward. Prompted by the need to develop people’s talents, meritocracy takes hold and weakens the power of traditional elites. Industrial productivity also raises the living standards of the historically poor majority. Specialized work demands schooling for all, sharply reducing illiteracy. A literate population demands a greater voice in political decision making, reducing social inequality and lessening men’s domination of women. The Kuznets Curve In human history, then, technological advances first increase but then moderate the intensity of social stratification. Greater inequality is functional for agrarian societies, but industrial societies benefit from a more equal system. Chapter 2. Answer should include: Hunting and Gathering: nomads of kin living off of what was available; Horticultural and Pastorialism: plant seeds, grow crops, domestication of animals, use tools, and less nomadic; Agriculture: larger scale farming with human and animal power; Industry: advanced fuels and machinery to produce goods. Question 15 40 / 40 pts (TCOs 5, 6, and 8) Identify and briefly explain the four principles that underlie social stratification. Your Answer: 1) Social stratification is a trait of society, not simply a reflection of individual differences. Social stratification is a characteristic of society, not just an impression of individual contrasts. A large number of us consider social remaining regarding individual ability and exertion, and therefore, we regularly overstate the degree to which we control our own particular destiny. Did a higher level of the top of the line travelers on the Titanic survive on the grounds that they were preferred swimmers over second-and second rate class travelers? No. They improved the situation in view of their favored position on the ship. Likewise, kids naturally introduced to affluent families are more probable than youngsters naturally introduced to destitution to appreciate great well being, do well in school, prevail in a profession, and carry on with a long life. Neither the rich nor the poor made social stratification, yet this framework shapes the lives of all of us. 2) Social stratification carries over from generation to generation. We have just to take a gander at how guardians pass their social position on to their youngsters to see that stratification is an attribute of social orders instead of people. A few people, particularly in modern social orders, do encounter social mobility, an adjustment in position inside the social chain of command. Social mobility might be upward or descending. We praise the accomplishments of uncommon people, for example, Gisele Bundchen (from Brazil) and rapper Jay-Z (United States), neither of whom at any point completed secondary school however both of whom all things considered figured out how to ascend to popularity and fortune. A few people move descending in the social chain of command as a result of business disappointments, disease, separate, or financial retreat and rising joblessness. All the more frequently individuals move on a level plane; they switch one employment for another at about a similar social level. The social remaining of a great many people stays much the same over their lifetime. 3) Social stratification is universal but variable. Social stratification is discovered all around. However what is unequal and how unequal it is shift starting with one society then onto the next. In a few social orders, disparity is for the most part a matter of esteem; in others, riches or influence is the key component of distinction. What's more, a few social orders contain more disparity than others. 4) Social Stratification involves not just inequality but beliefs as well. Any arrangement of disparity gives a few people more than others as well as characterizes these game plans as reasonable. Like the what of social imbalance, the clarifications of why individuals ought to be unequal contrast from society to society. Chapter 8 (1) Social stratification is a trait of society, not simply a reflection of individual differences. (2) Social stratification carries over from generation to generation. (3) Social stratification is universal but variable. (4) Social stratification involves not just inequality but beliefs as well. . Quiz Score: 250 out of 250 Previous Submission Details: